牛津英汉双解词典E

E, e / i:; i/ n (pl E's, e's/ i:z; iz/) 1 the fifth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第五个字母: `Eric' begins with an `E'/E. Eric一字以E字母开始. 2 E (music 音) the third note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第三音或音符. E number code number, beginning with the letter E, used for indicating the additives in food and drink E 数（以E字母开头的代号, 用以表明食品或饮料中的添加剂）. E abbr 缩写 = 1 (esp on electric plugs) earth (connection)（尤指标於电器插头上的）地线（接线）. 2 east(ern):E Asia 东亚 * London E10 6RL, ie as a postal code 伦敦E10 6RL（邮政编码）. ea abbr 缩写 = each: oranges 10p ea 橙子10便士一个. each / i:tF; itF/ indef det (used with sing [C] ns and sing vs 与单数可数名词和单数动词连用) (of two or more) every (person, thing, group, etc) considered individually 每一, 各个: on each side of the road 在路的每一边 * a ring on each finger 每个手指上一个指环 * Each day passed without any news. 每天都没有任何消息. each indef pron every individual member (of a group) 每个: each of the boys, books, buildings 每个男孩、 每本书、 每座建筑物 * Each of them phoned to thank me. 他们每个人都打电话来向我道谢. * Each of us has a company car. 我们每人都有一辆公司的汽车. (Cf 参看 We each have a company car.) * I'll see each of you separately. 我要分别地见你们每一个人. (Cf 参看 I'll see you each separately. ) * He gave us 5 each. 他给我们每人5英镑. each indef adv every one separately 每一个地; 各个地: The cakes are 20p each. 糕饼每块20便士. each other (used only as the object of a v or prep 仅用作动词或介词的宾语) the other one, reciprocally 互相; 彼此: Paul and Linda helped each other, ie Paul helped Linda and Linda helped Paul. 保罗和琳达互相帮助. * We write to each other regularly. 我们彼此经常通信. Cf 参看 one another (one3). each NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Each and every are generally used as determiners before singular countable nouns. *each和every一般都作限定词, 用於单数可数名词之前. Each is used when the items in a group (of two or more) are considered individually *each用以指一个群体（至少两个）中个别的个体: Each child learns at his or her own pace. 每个儿童均按自己的进度学习. Every indicates that all the items in a group (of three or more) are being regarded as members of that group. *every指一个群体（至少三个）中侧重於全体的所有个体, 而不在个别的个体. It can be modified by some adverbs 这个词可以受某些副词修饰: Every/Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test.这所学校的每一个[几乎每一个]儿童游泳都及格了. Each (one) of and every one of come before plural nouns or pronouns, but the verb is still singular *each (one) of和every one of用於复数名词或代词之前, 然而动词仍用单数: Each of the houses is slightly different. 每所房子都稍有区别. * I bought a dozen eggs and every one of them was bad. 我买了一打鸡蛋, 每个都是坏的. * She gave each (one) of her grandchildren 50p. 她给每个孙儿50便士. Each can function as a pronoun on its own *each本身可作代词: I asked all the children and each told a different story. 我问过所有的孩子, 每个人的说法都不一样. It can also follow a plural subject or an indirect object with a plural verb 这个词还可以用於复数的主语之後或复数动词的间接宾语之後: We each have a different point of view. 我们每个人都有不同的观点. eager / 5i:gE(r); `i^L/ adj 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) full of interest or desire; keen 热切的; 渴望的; 热心的: eager for success 渴望成功 * eager to please 极想讨好（别人）. 2 (idm 习语) an eager `beaver (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) keen, hard－working and enthusiastic person 积极、 努力又热心的人. eagerly adv. eagerness n [U]. eagle / 5i:gl; `i^l/ n 1 large strong bird of prey of the falcon family with very good eyesight 雕; 鹰. 2 (in golf) score of two strokes less than average （高尔夫球）比标准杆少两杆的分数. Cf 参看 birdie 2, par1 3. eaglet / i:glIt; `i^lIt/ n young eagle 小雕; 小鹰. eagle eye (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 very good eyesight 极好的视力. 2 keen watchfulness 敏锐的目光: The teacher's eagle eye was always on us, ie She noticed everything. 教师的锐利目光总是盯著我们（一举一动她都能注意到）. eagle－eyed adj. ear / IE(r); Ir/ n 1 [C] organ of hearing; its outer part 耳, 耳朵; 外耳: The doctor looked into my ears. 医生检查我的耳朵. * Rabbits have large ears. 兔子的耳朵很长. * [attrib 作定语] She's got an `ear infection. 她耳朵感染了. =>illus 见插图. 2 [sing] an ~ (for sth) sense of hearing; ability to discriminate sounds, esp in music and language 听觉; （尤指音乐和语言中的）辨音力, 听力: She has a good ear for languages. 她学语言的听力很好. 3 (idm 习语) (be) all `ears (infml 口) listening attentively 倾听: Tell me your news; I'm all ears. 把你的新鲜事告诉我, 我洗耳恭听. box sb's ears => box2. sth comes to/reaches sb's `ears sb finds out about sth, eg news or gossip 某事物（如消息或闲话）传到某人耳朵里: If this news ever reaches her ears, she'll be furious. 这个消息万一传到她的耳朵里, 她一定得大发雷霆. din in one's ears => din v. sb's `ears are burning sb suspects that he is being talked about, esp in an unkind way 某人耳朵发烧（怀疑遭人议论, 尤指说坏话）: All this gossip about Sarah her ears must be burning! 都在说萨拉的闲话－－她耳朵一定发烧了! easy on the ear/eye => easy1. fall on deaf ears => deaf. feel one's ears burning => feel1. give sb/get a thick ear => thick. go in (at) `one ear and out (at) the `other be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten 一耳进一耳出; 左耳进右耳出; 当作耳边风: You've forgotten to buy the eggs! It (ie What I tell you) goes in one ear and out the other. 你忘记买鸡蛋了! 把我跟你说的话当成耳旁风了. have, get, win, etc sb's `ear have or get sb's favourable attention 获得某人的好感; 受到某人的重视. have/keep an/one's ear to the `ground be aware of all that is happening and being said 注意周围的动静: Peter'll know; he always keeps an ear to the ground. 彼得会知道的, 他耳听八方. have a word in sb's ear => ordword. keep one's ears/eyes open => open1. lend an ear => lend. make a pig's ear of sth => pig. meet the ear/eye => meet1. music to one's ears => music. not believe one's ears/eyes => believe. (be) out on one's `ear suddenly expelled, dismissed, etc 突遭驱逐、 开除、 解雇等. play (sth) by `ear play (music) by remembering how it sounds, ie without seeing a printed form 凭记忆演奏（乐曲）（即不看乐谱）. play it by `ear (infml 口) act without preparation according to the demands of a situation; improvise 事前无准备而根据情况采取行动; 临时现做: I've had no time to prepare for this meeting, so I'll have to play it by ear. 我没有时间准备这次会议, 所以只好有什麽谈什麽. prick up one's ears => prick2. shut one's ears to sth/sb => shut. smile, etc from ear to `ear smile, etc broadly, showing that one is very pleased or happy 眉开眼笑. turn a deaf ear => deaf. (be) up to one's ears/eyes in sth very busy with or overwhelmed by sth 忙得不可开交; 深陷於某事物中: I'm up to my ears in work at the moment. 我现在工作忙极了. walls have ears => wall. with a flea in one's ear => flea. wet behind the ears => wet. with half an `ear not very attentively 不很注意地: I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while preparing some food. 我正在做吃的, 没太留心听收音机. earful / 5IEfUl; IrfJl/ n [sing] (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get an `earful give or receive a long angry or abusive speech 说或听一番气愤的或辱骂的话: If he bothers you again I'll give him an earful. 如果他再来烦你, 我就训他一顿. earache n [U, sing] pain in the ear－drum 耳痛. ear－drop n (usu pl 通常作复数) liquid medication dropped into the ears 滴耳药水. ear－drum (also drum) n thin membrane in the inner part of the ear which vibrates when sound waves strike it 鼓膜. =>illus 见插图. ear－muff n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of ear－coverings connected by a band across the top of the head, and worn to protect the ears, esp from the cold （尤指防寒用的）耳罩: a pair of green ear－muffs 一副绿色的耳罩. earphone n (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) either of two receivers attached to each other so that they fit over the ears, used for listening to records, the radio, etc 耳机. (b) similar device with only one receiver that fits inside one ear 单耳机. ear－plug n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of two pieces of soft material put into the ears to keep out air, water or noise （防止空气、 水或声音进入耳内的）耳塞. ear－ring n (often pl 常作复数) piece of jewellery worn in or on the ear lobe 耳环; 耳饰. earshot n [U] (idm 习语) (be) out of/within `earshot where one cannot/can be heard 在听力范围之外[之内]. ear－splitting adj very loud; shrill 极响的; 震耳的; 刺耳的: an ear－splitting crash 震耳欲聋的碰撞. ear－trumpet n trumpet－shaped tube formerly used by partially deaf people to magnify sound （旧时的）喇叭形助听器. ear / IE(r); Ir/ n seed－bearing part of a cereal, eg wheat, barley, etc （麦子的）穗. =>illus at cereal 见cereal之插图. earl / \:l; [l/ n (fem 阴性作 countess) (title of a) British nobleman ranking between a marquis and a viscount 伯爵（的衔头）. earldom n rank of an earl 伯爵的爵位. early / 5\:lI; `[lI/ (－ier, －iest) adj, adv 1 near to the beginning of a period of time 早; 初; 初期: the early morning 清早 * in early spring 早春 * in his early twenties, ie aged between 20 and 23 or 24 （他）二十岁出头 * early works (of a composer, poet, writer, etc), ie those written at the beginning of a career （作曲家、 诗人、 作家等的）早期作品 * Two players were injured early in the season. 有两名选手在该季开始不久就受了伤. Cf 参看 late1 2, late2 2. 2 before the usual or expected time 提前; 提早: early peaches, ie peaches that ripen early in the season 早熟的桃子 * an early breakfast, eg at 5 am 很早的早餐（如於早晨5时者） * I got up early today. 我今天起得很早. * The bus arrived five minutes early. 公共汽车早到了五分钟. Cf 参看 late1 1, late2 1. 3 (idm 习语) at your earliest con`venience (fml esp commerce 文, 尤用於商业) as soon as possible 尽早: Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience. 请尽早送货. bright and `early => bright. an `early bird (joc 谑) person who arrives, gets up, etc early 早到、 早起等的人: You're an early bird this morning! 你今天起得真早啊! the ,early bird catches the `worm (saying 谚) the person who arrives, gets up, etc first will be successful 早起的鸟才能捉到虫; 捷足先登. early `days (yet) (esp Brit) too soon to be sure how a situation, etc will develop 过早; 尚早: I'm not sure if our book will be a success it's early days yet. 我们这本书是否受欢迎, 我没有把握－－现在言之过早. the early `hours very early in the morning, ie not long after midnight 深夜: They were dancing till the early hours. 他们跳舞跳到深夜. an early/a late night => night. early `on soon after the start of a past event 在初期; 开始後不久: I knew early on (in the film) that I wasn't going to enjoy it. 电影一开演我就知道不会喜欢这部电影. an early/late riser => riser (rise1). ,early to `bed and ,early to `rise (makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise) (saying 谚) living sensibly and without excesses (will bring a person good health, money and wisdom) 睡得早, 起得早, （富足、 聪明、 身体好）. keep early `hours rise early or go to bed early 早起; 早睡. earliness n [U]. early closing (Brit) shutting of shops, etc on a particular afternoon every week （每周某一日下午商店等）停止营业: It's early closing (day) today. 今天照例下午停止营业. early warning early indication (eg by radar) of the approach of enemy aircraft, missiles, etc 预先警报（敌人飞机、 导弹等逼近的预先显示, 如由雷达显示）: [attrib 作定语] early `warning system 预先警报系统. earmark / 5IEmB:k; `Ir9mBrk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth/sb) assign or set aside sb/sth (to or for a special purpose) （为某目的）指定或安排某人[某事物]: earmark a sum of money for research 拨出一笔款项作研究经费 * I've earmarked Peter for the job. 我已派彼得做这事. earn / \:n; [n/ v 1 [Tn] (a) get (money) by working 赚; 挣: He earns 10000 a year. 他一年赚10000英镑. * She earned her living by singing in a nightclub. 她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生. * earned/unearned income 劳动收入[非劳动收入]. (b) get (money) as a return on a loan or investment （贷款或投资）获得（利钱）: Money earns more in a high interest account. 钱放在高利息的帐户里获利多. 2 [Tn, Dn.n] gain (sth deserved) in return for one's achievements, behaviour, etc （因自己的成就、 行为等）得到（应得的事物）; 博得; 使得: You've certainly earned your retirement. 你确已理当退休了. * a well－earned rest 应得的休息 * His honesty earned him great respect. 他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬. * His bad manners earned him a sharp rebuke. 他因为没有礼貌而受到责备. 3 (idm 习语) earn/turn an honest penny => honest. ,earn one's `keep work hard enough to cover the costs of one's food, accommodation, etc 挣钱维持生活. earnings n [pl] money earned 赚的钱; 生的利: I've spent all my earnings. 我把赚的钱都花光了. earnings－related adj (of payments, etc) linked to and changing with one's earnings （指付款等）随个人收入而改变的: an ,earnings－related `pension scheme 随个人收入而改变的退休金计划. earnest / 5\:nIst; `[nIst/ adj (too) serious; determined; not light－hearted （太）认真的; 坚决的; 不掉以轻心的: a terribly earnest young man 认真得不得了的年轻人. earnest n (idm 习语) in (dead/deadly/real) `earnest (a) with determination and energy 有决心和精力: It's beginning to snow in earnest, ie heavily. 雪真的下起来了（下大了）. (b) serious(ly); not joking(ly) 认真（地）; 并非开玩笑（地）: When she threatened to report us, she was in dead earnest. 她威胁说要告发我们, 她可是郑重其事说的. earnestly adv: I earnestly beg you to reconsider your decision. 我诚恳地请求你把你的决定再重新考虑一下. earnestness n [U]. earnest / 5\:nIst; `[nIst/ n [sing] 1 sum of money paid as an instalment or a deposit to show that full payment will be made later 定金; 保证金. 2 thing meant as a sign or promise of what will follow 预示; 承诺; 保证: As an earnest of my good intentions I will work overtime this week. 我愿本周加班工作以示诚意. earth / \:W; [W/ n 1 (usu 通常作 the earth) [sing] this world; the planet on which we live 世界; 地球: The moon goes round the earth. 月球环绕地球运转. * I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了. 2 [sing] land; the surface of the world as opposed to the sky or sea 大地; 陆地; 地面: After a week at sea, it was good to feel the earth under our feet again. 出海一周後, 又重新回到陆地上而感到愉快. * The balloon burst and fell to earth. 气球破裂而落到地上. 3 [U] soil 泥土: a clod/lump of earth 土块 * fill a hole with earth 用泥土填洞 * cover the roots of a plant with earth 用泥土把植物的根埋起来. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 [C] hole of a wild animal, esp a fox or badger （野兽的, 尤指狐狸或獾的）洞穴; 兽穴. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp Brit) (US ground) (wire that provides a) connection with the ground completing an electrical circuit 接地; 地线. 6 [C] (chemistry 化) any of several metallic oxides 几种金属氧化物之一: an alkaline earth 硷土金属氧化物 * rare earths 稀土金属元素. 7 (idm 习语) charge, cost, pay, etc (sb) the `earth (infml 口) charge, etc a lot of money 要付...很多钱: I'd love that bike, but it costs the earth. 我很喜欢那辆自行车, 可是贵得不得了. come back/down to `earth (with a bang/bump) (infml 口) stop day－dreaming; return to reality 不再做白日梦; 回到现实中来: When his money ran out, he came down to earth (with a bump). 他把钱用光时, 才（赫然）如梦初醒. the ends of the earth => end1. the four corners of the earth => corner. go/run to earth/ground hide oneself away to avoid being captured, etc 躲藏起来以免被捉住等. how, why, where, who, etc on `earth/in the `world (infml 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) how, etc ever 到底怎样...: What on earth are you doing? 你到底在干什麽呢? * How on earth did she manage that? 她究竟怎麽办到的呢? (be, feel, look, etc) like nothing on `earth (infml 口) very bad, unwell, peculiar, etc 糟糕、 难受、 特别极了等: He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿著奇装异服难看极了. move heaven and earth => move2. promise the earth/moon => promise2. run sb/sth to `earth find sb/sth by searching hard 尽力追查某人[某事物]: The police eventually ran him to earth in Paris. 警察穷追不舍, 终於在巴黎找到了他. the salt of the earth => salt. wipe sth off the face of the earth/off the map => wipe. earth v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp Brit) connect (an electrical appliance, etc) with the ground 将（电器等）接地: Is this plug earthed? 这个插头接地了吗? 2 (phr v) earth sth up cover (the roots of a plant, etc) with earth 用土掩盖（植物等的根）: He earthed up the celery. 他给芹菜培上了土. earthy adj (－ier, －iest) 1 of or like earth or soil 泥土的; 像泥土的; 土壤的; 像土壤的: an earthy smell 泥土的气味. 2 (fig 比喻) (of people, jokes, etc) coarse; not refined or sensitive （指人、 笑话等）粗俗的; 不文雅的; 土里土气的: an earthy sense of humour 粗俗的幽默感. earthiness n [U]. earth science any of various sciences, such as geology or geography, concerned with the earth or part of it 地球科学（如地质学、 地理学等）. earthwork n (formerly) large man－made bank of earth used as a fortification （旧时）土垒（用泥土筑成的大型防御工事）: the remains of ancient earthworks 古代土垒的残骸. earthworm n common type of worm that lives in the soil 蚯蚓. =>illus at worm 见worm之插图. earth NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare earth, ground, floor and soil. 将earth、 ground、 floor、 soil这几个词作一比较. The earth (also Earth) is the name of the planet where we live and earth can also refer to the solid land in contrast to the sky above *the earth（亦大写作Earth）是我们赖以生存的地球的名称, earth还可指大地, 是相对於天空而言: The parachutist floated gently down to earth. 跳伞者轻飘飘地降落到地上. Ground indicates an area or distance on the earth's surface *ground指地面上的区域或距离: The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. In addition, the ground is the solid surface under our feet when we are in the open air 此外, 当人们在露天活动时, the ground可用以指地面: You shouldn't sit on the ground when it's wet. 地面潮湿时就不应该坐在地上. The floor is the solid surface under our feet inside a building *the floor指建筑物内的地面: He left his clothes lying all over the floor. 他把衣服扔得满地都是. Ground, earth and especially soil refer to the natural material in which trees and plants grow. *ground、 earth、 特别是soil, 均指土壤. Ground is an area of soil and earth *ground指土壤和土地的一个区域: stony ground 多石的地面 * black earth 黑土地 * sandy soil 沙土地. earthen / 5\:Wn; `[WEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 made of earth 泥土做的: earthen floors （建筑物内的）泥土地面. 2 made of baked clay 用烧过的黏土做的; 陶制的: earthen pots 陶壶. earthenware n [U] pottery made of baked clay 陶器: [attrib 作定语] an earthenware bowl 陶碗. earthly / 5\:WlI; `[WlI/ adj 1 of this world; not spiritual 现世的; 尘世的: earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐、 财产. 2 (infml 口) (usu with a negative 通常与否定式连用) possible; conceivable 可能的; 可想像的: You've no earthly hope of winning. 你根本没有获胜的希望. 3 (idm 习语) no earthly use (infml 口) totally useless 完全无用的. not have an `earthly (Brit infml 口) not have the slightest chance or hope or idea 没有丝毫机会或希望或概念: `Why isn't it working?' `I haven't an earthly (ie I don't know at all.)' ｀这怎麽不灵呢?＇｀我一点儿都不知道.＇ earthquake / 5\:WkweIk; `[W9kwek/ (also quake) n sudden violent movement of the earth's surface 地震. earwig / 5IEwIg; `Ir9wI^/ n small harmless insect with pincers at the rear end of its body 蠼螋（一种有尾铗的无害小昆虫）,小蜈蚣. ease / i:z; iz/ n [U] 1 freedom from work, discomfort, pain or anxiety 安逸; 舒适; 无痛苦; 无忧虑: a life of ease 安逸舒适的生活 * ease of mind 心情舒畅 * The injection brought him immediate ease. 他经注射後疼痛顿消. Cf 参看 easy1 2. 2 (idm 习语) (stand) at `ease (as a military command 用作军事口令) (stand) with feet apart and hands behind the back 稍息. Cf 参看 attention 4. (be/feel) at (one's) `ease (be/feel) comfortable and unworried; (be/feel) completely relaxed （感到）舒适而无忧虑; （感到）完全松弛: I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在. * Finish the work at your ease, ie in your own time. 你可以从容地把这项工作做完（在你方便时）. ill at ease => ill1. put/set sb at (his, her, etc) `ease make sb feel comfortable, free from embarrassment, etc 使某人感到舒适、 不拘束等: He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安, 可是她热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest => mind1. ,take one's `ease stop working or worrying; relax 不再工作或忧虑; 休息; 轻松; 放心: She sat down and took her ease by the fire. 她坐在火旁休息一下. with `ease without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: He passed the test with ease. 他轻而易举地考及格了. ease / i:z; iz/ v 1 (a) [Tn] relieve (the body or mind) from pain, anxiety, discomfort, etc 减轻或消除（身体或精神上的）痛苦、 忧虑、 不适等: The aspirins eased my headache. 阿司匹林使我头疼减轻. * Talking eased his anxiety. 那一番谈话打消了他的顾虑. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth free sb from suffering, etc 消除某人的痛苦等: Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦. 2 [I, Ip] (a) become less painful, severe, etc 减轻痛苦、 严重程度等: The pain eased. 疼痛减轻了. (b) become less unpleasant or difficult 减轻不愉快的或困难的程度: The situation has eased (off). 情况已经缓和了. 3 [Tn] make (sth) looser or less tight; slacken 使（某物）放松; 松开: The coat needs to be eased under the armpits. 这件上衣的　肯需放一放. 4 (idm 习语) ease sb's `conscience/`mind free sb from guilt, worry, etc 消除某人的内疚、 忧虑等: It would ease my mind to know where he was. 要知道他在哪儿我就放心了. 5 (phr v) ease (sb/sth) across, along, away, etc (cause sb/sth to) move across, etc slowly and carefully （使）缓慢而小心地移动过去等: He eased himself along the ledge to reach the terrified boy. 他小心翼翼地沿著突出的檐向那惊惶失措的男孩靠近. * She eased her injured foot into her shoe. 她小心翼翼地把受伤的脚伸进鞋里. ,ease `down reduce speed 减低速度: Ease down: there's a sharp bend ahead. 慢一点儿, 前面有个急转弯. ,ease `off/`up become less severe, oppressive or urgent 减轻; 减缓; 缓和: The tension between us has eased off a little. 我们之间的紧张状况已经缓和一些. * The flow of traffic eased off. 交通已经通畅. * I'm very busy just now; wait until things have eased up a little. 我现在非常忙, 等事情缓一缓再说. ease up on sb/sth be more moderate with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]更适度、 更有节制: I should ease up on the cigarettes if I were you. 我要是你, 我就再少抽些烟了. easel / 5i:zl; `izl/ n wooden frame for holding a blackboard or a picture (while it is being painted) 黑板架; 画架. east / i:st; ist/ n [sing] (abbr 缩写 E) 1 the east point of the horizon where the sun rises; one of the four main points of the compass 东; 东方: The wind is blowing from the east. 风从东方来. * He lives to the east of (ie further east than) Exeter. 他住在埃克塞特的东边. Cf 参看 north, south, west. 2 the East (a) countries of Asia, esp China and Japan 东方国家（亚洲的国家, 尤指中国和日本）: philosophies of the East 东方国家的哲学 * Yoga originated in the East. 瑜伽起源於东方国家. (b) any part of the world to the east of Europe 欧洲以东的任何地区: the Middle East 中东 * the Near East 近东 * the Far East 远东. 3 the East (US) eastern side of the USA 美国的东部地区: I was born in the East, but now live in Los Angeles. 我出生於东部, 但现在住在洛杉矶. east adj [attrib 作定语] 1 in or towards the east 在东方的; 向东方的: He lives on the east coast. 他住在东部海岸地区. 2 (of winds) from the east （指风）从东方来的: an east wind 东风. Cf 参看 easterly. east adv towards the east 向东方地: My window faces east. 我的窗户朝东. * We are travelling east. 我们向东方旅行. * a town east of the Danube 多瑙河以东的一个城镇. eastward / 5i:stwEd; `istwLd/ adj towards the east 向东的; 向东方的: in an eastward direction 在向东的方向. eastward, eastwards adv: to travel eastwards 向东方旅行. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. eastbound / 5i:stbaUnd; `ist9baJnd/ adj travelling towards the east 向东方旅行的: Is this the eastbound train? 这是东行列车吗? * the eastbound section of the motorway 高速公路的东行段. East－Ender n person living in the East End 在伦敦东区居住的人. Easter / 5i:stE(r); `istL/ n annual Christian festival, that occurs on a Sunday in March or April, and celebrates the resurrection of Christ after the crucifixion; period about this time 复活节（基督徒一年一度的节日, 於3月或4月的一个星期日, 纪念耶稣在十字架上受刑死後复活）; 复活节期间: [attrib 作定语] ,Easter `Day 复活节日 * ,Easter `Sunday 复活节星期日 * `Easter week, ie the week beginning on Easter Sunday 复活节周（自复活节星期日起的一周） * the Easter holidays 复活节假期. Easter egg egg made of chocolate or a hen's egg with a painted or dyed shell, eaten at Easter 复活节彩蛋. easterly / 5i:stElI; `istLlI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语], adv 1 in or towards the east 在东面（的）; 向东面（的）: in an easterly direction 朝东的方向. 2 (of winds) blowing from the east （指风）从东方吹来（的）: an easterly wind 东风. easterly n wind blowing from the east 东风: strong easterlies at sea 海上的强劲东风. eastern / 5i:stEn; `istLn/ (also Eastern) adj [attrib 作定语] of, from or living in the east part of the world or of a specified region 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的; 来自东部的; 居於东方的; 居於东部的: Eastern customs, religions, etc 东方的习俗、 宗教等 * the eastern seaboard of the USA 美国东部沿海地区. easternmost / 5i:stEnmEUst; `istLn9most/ adj situated farthest east 位於最东的; 位於极东的: the easternmost city in Europe 欧洲最东的城市. easy / 5i:zI; `izI/ adj (－ier, －iest) 1 not difficult; done or obtained without great effort 容易的; 不难的; 不费力的: an easy exam 容易的考试 * It is an easy place to reach. 那是个容易到达的地方. * The place is easy to reach. 那地方容易到达. 2 free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, trouble, etc 不再痛苦的; 舒适的; 安心的; 安逸的: lead an easy life 过安逸舒适的生活 * My mind is easier now. 现在我安心多了. Cf 参看 ease1 1. 3 [attrib 作定语] not stiff or embarrassed 不生硬的; 不死板的; 不拘束的: have easy manners 举止从容. 4 [attrib 作定语] readily exploited, cheated, etc 易上当、 受骗等的: an easy victim 容易吃亏的人 * an easy prey 容易受害的人. 5 (idm 习语) as ,easy as `anything/as `pie/as AB`C/as falling off a `log/as `winking (infml 口) very easy or easily 极容易. easy game person or thing that can easily be attacked, exploited or made a victim 容易受攻击的人或事物; 容易吃亏、 上当、 受害的人. easy/difficult of approach => approach n. ,easy `money money obtained either dishonestly or for little work 横财; 不义之财; 来得容易的钱. ,easy on the `ear/`eye (infml 口) pleasant to listen to or look at 好听的; 好看的: This music's easy on the ear late at night. 这音乐夜晚听起来很好听. an easy/a soft touch => touch2. free and easy => free1. have an easy time (of it) experience no difficulty in doing sth 在做某事物中无困难. on easy `terms (commerce 商) (of a loan) with a low rate of interest, or (of a purchase) allowing the buyer to pay gradually over a long period （指贷款）低息的; （指购物）分期付款的. I'm `easy (infml 口 esp Brit) (replying when a choice has been offered) I have no preference （当被请求选择时, 回答）我无所谓（都一样）. take the easy way out escape from a difficult or an awkward situation by the least demanding (and possibly not the most honourable) course of action 以最省事的做法（可能并非最得体者）回避困难的或尴尬的处境. a woman of easy virtue => woman. easily / 5i:zElI; `izIlI/ adv 1 without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: I can easily finish it tonight. 我今晚轻而易举就可把它做完. 2 without doubt 无疑地: It's easily the best film I've seen this year. 这无疑是我今年所看过的最好的电影. 3 possibly 可能地: That could easily be the answer we're looking for. 那可能就是我们正在寻找的办法. easiness n [U]. easy chair large comfortable armchair 安乐椅. easygoing adj (of people) relaxed in manner; placid and tolerant （指人）随便的; 温和宽容的: My mother doesn't mind who comes to stay, she's very easygoing. 我母亲不在乎有什麽人来住, 她非常随和. easy / 5i:zI; `izI/ adv (－ier, －iest) 1 (as a command 用作命令语) move sth gently and slowly 小心而缓慢地移动某事物: Easy with that chair one of its legs is loose. 搬那把椅子要小心－－有一条腿松了. 2 (idm 习语) easier said than done more difficult to do than to talk about 说比做容易: `Why don't you get yourself a job?'`That's easier said than done.' ｀你怎麽不找个工作呢?＇｀说起来容易, 找起来难哪.＇ ,easy `come, ,easy `go (saying 谚) sth, esp money, obtained without difficulty is quickly lost or spent 来得容易, 去得快（尤指钱财）: I often win money at cards but never save a penny `easy come, easy go' is my motto. 我玩纸牌经常赢, 可一分钱也存不住－－我的俗话是｀来得容易, 去得快＇. `easy/`gently ,does it (infml 口) this job, etc should be done slowly and carefully 要慢些、 小心些做这事等: Take your time; easy does it. 别著急, 慢慢来. ,go `easy (infml 口) work less hard 省点劲儿; 别那麽卖力: You should go easy, you're getting tired. 你要省点劲儿, 会累坏的. go easy on/with sb/sth (infml 口) be careful, gentle or moderate with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]谨慎、 从容或有节制: Go easy on the milk; we all want some. 牛奶要匀著享用, 我们都想要一些. * You should go easy on (ie be less strict with) that boy; he's only young. 你应该对那个孩子宽容些, 他还小呢. ,stand `easy (as a military command 用作军事口令) stand with more freedom of movement than when at ease (ease1 2) 稍息（比at ease更随便些）. take it/things `easy relax; not work too hard or do too much 放松; 不过分努力; 不做过多: I like to take things easy when I'm on holiday. 我在假日愿意轻松一些. eat / i:t; it/ v (pt ate/ et; ?@ eIt; et/, pp eaten/ 5i:tn; `itn/) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (up)/~ sth (up) take (solid food or soup) into the mouth and swallow it for nourishment 吃; 喝（汤）: He was too ill to eat. 他病重得不能吃东西了. * eat up (ie finish eating) now 现在吃完 * Eat (up) your dinner. 你把饭吃（完）了. * Lions eat meat, ie Meat is their diet. 狮子吃肉. 2 [I] have a meal 吃饭: Where shall we eat tonight? 咱们今天晚上在哪儿吃饭? 3 (idm 习语) dog eat dog => dog1. ,eat sb a`live/,eat sb for `breakfast (infml 口) be able to dominate or exploit sb 能支配或剥削某人; 摆布; 宰割: She'll eat him for breakfast. 她将来能降住他. eat one's `heart out (for sb/sth) endure envy, longing, frustration, etc in silence 默默地强忍妒忌、 渴求、 挫折等: Since he left, she's been sitting at home eating her heart out. 他走了以後, 她一直坐在家里, 心如刀割. ,eat humble `pie be very apologetic 赔罪; 赔礼; 道歉: When he realized his mistake, he had to eat humble pie. 他认识到了自己的错误, 只好赔礼道歉. ,eat like a `horse (infml 口) eat a lot 吃得很多. eat out of sb's `hand be submissive and compliant towards sb 听命於某人: She soon had the class eating out of her hand. 她不久就把全班管得服服贴贴了. eat sb out of ,house and `home (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) (of people) eat a lot of food which sb else has paid for （指人）把某人吃穷: I hope your brother won't stay much longer, he's eating us out of house and home! 我希望你弟弟可别住太久了, 他要把咱们给吃穷了! eat oneself `sick (on sth) (infml 口) eat so much (of sth) that one feels or is sick 吃（某物）太多而不适或生病: The children would eat themselves sick on chocolate if I let them. 我要是让孩子由著性儿吃巧克力, 他们会吃出病来. ,eat one's `words admit that what one said was wrong 承认自己说错话. have one's cake and eat it => cake. I'll ,eat my `hat (infml 口) (expression used by sb who believes that sth is so unlikely to happen that even to suggest it is absurd 某人认为发生某事物的可能性迹近荒谬时的用语): Rob's always late if he gets here on time I'll eat my hat. 罗布总迟到－－他要准时到这儿, 我把脑袋给你. the proof of the pudding is in the eating => proof1. 4 (phr v) eat sth away/eat away at sth erode 腐蚀; 侵蚀: The river is eating away at the bank. 河水侵蚀著两岸. eat into sth (a) consume sth; destroy; dissolve; corrode 消耗某事物; 毁坏; 分解; 腐蚀: Acids eat into metal. 酸能腐蚀金属. (b) (fig 比喻) consume a part of sth 消耗某事物的一部分: Paying for that new carpet has eaten into my savings. 付新地毯的款用去了我的一部分储蓄. eat out have a meal in a restaurant, etc rather than at home 在饭馆等处吃饭（不在家中吃）: I'm too tired to cook tonight; shall we eat out? 我今晚累得不想做饭了, 咱们下饭馆好吗? eat sb up (fig 比喻) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) consume; obsess; worry 操心; 烦扰; 担忧: be eaten up with curiosity, anger, envy, etc 受好奇心、 愤怒、 妒忌等煎熬 * Jealousy was eating him up. 嫉妒心在折磨著他. eatable adj fit to be eaten; good to eat 可吃的; 好吃的: Our school meals are hardly eatable. 我们学校的饭菜简直没法吃. Cf 参看 edible. n (usu pl 通常作复数); (infml 口) food 食物: Have you brought the eatables? 你带吃的来了吗? eater n 1 person who eats (in a particular way) （以某种方式）吃东西的人: He's a big, greedy, etc eater, ie He eats a lot, eats greedily, etc. 他很能吃、 很贪嘴等. 2 = eating apple. eats n [pl] (infml 口) food ready to be eaten 现成的食物: There were plenty of eats, but not enough to drink. 有很多吃的, 可是没什麽喝的. eating apple type of apple that is suitable for eating uncooked 适宜生吃的苹果（不用於烹饪者）. Cf 参看 cooker 2. eating－house (also eating－place) n restaurant 饭馆; 饭店; 食堂. eau－de－Cologne / 9EU dE kE5lEUn; 9odEkE`lon/ n (also cologne) [U] perfume made originally at Cologne 科隆香水. eaves / i:vz; ivz/ n [pl] overhanging lower edges of a roof 屋檐: birds nesting under the eaves 在屋檐下筑巢的鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. eavesdrop / 5i:vzdrCp; `ivz9drBp/ v [I, Ipr] (－pp－) ~ (on sb/sth) listen secretly to a private conversation 偷听（私人谈话）: eavesdropping on the discussion, her parents偷听讨论、 偷听她父母谈话. eavesdropper n. ebb / eb; Zb/ v [I, Ip] ~ (away) 1 (of the tide) go out; recede （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮. Cf 参看 flow 5. 2 (fig 比喻) grow less; become slowly weak or faint 减少; 衰落; 衰退: Daylight was ebbing away. 白昼在逐渐消失. * Our enthusiasm soon began to ebb. 我们的热情不久就凉下来了. ebb n [sing] 1 (usu 通常作 the ebb) (of a tide) the flowing out （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮: The tide is on the ebb, ie is going out. 正在退潮. Cf 参看 flood2 3. 2 (idm 习语) at a low ebb => low1. the ebb and flow (of sth) (of noise, fashions, etc) regular increase and decrease in intensity; constant fluctuation （指声音、 流行式样等）消长, 兴衰; 不断长落, 起伏: the ebb and flow of conversation 谈话声此起彼伏. on the `ebb diminishing; declining 正在减弱; 正在衰退; 正在衰落: My luck is on the ebb. 我的运气每况愈下. ebb tide / 9eb 5taId; `Zb 9taId/ = ebb n 1. ebony / 5ebEnI; `ZbEnI/ n [U] hard black wood of a tropical tree 乌木; 黑檀. ebony adj 1 made of ebony 乌木做的: the ebony keys on a piano 钢琴上的乌木琴键. 2 black 黑色的: ebony skin 黝黑的皮肤. ebullient / I5bQlIEnt, also I5bUlIEnt; I`bQljEnt/ adj full of energy and excitement; exuberant 精力充沛的; 洋溢的; 奔放的. ebullience / －Ens; －Ens/ n [U] state of being ebullient; exuberance 精力充沛; 洋溢; 奔放: She burst into the room with her usual ebullience, and immediately started talking to everyone. 她像往常一样兴高采烈地冲进了房间, 立刻跟大家攀谈起来. ebulliently adv. EC / i:5si:; 9i`si/ abbr 缩写 = East Central 东部中央: London EC1 4PW, ie as a postal code 伦敦EC1 4PW（邮政编码）. eccentric / Ik5sentrIk; Ik`sZntrIk/ adj 1 (of people, behaviour) unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal （指人、 举止）异常的; 古怪的; 不合常规的; 不正常的: his eccentric habits 他那古怪的习惯 * an eccentric old lady 一位古怪的老太太. 2 (a) (of circles) not having the same centre （指圆形）没有共同圆心的. Cf 参看 concentric. (b) (of orbits) not circular （指轨道）不正圆的. (c) (of planets, etc) moving in an eccentric orbit （指行星等）在不正圆的轨道上运行的. eccentric n 1 eccentric person 古怪的人: The club seemed to be full of eccentrics. 这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人. 2 mechanical device consisting of a disc at the end of a shaft for changing circular movement into backward－and－forward movement 偏心器; 偏心轮. eccentrically / －klI; －klI/ adv. eccentricity / 9eksen5trIsEtI; 9ZksZn`trIsEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being eccentric; strangeness of behaviour, etc 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻等: eccentricity of style, clothing, manners, ideas 古怪的样式、 服装、 举止、 想法. 2 [C] instance of this; strange or unusual act or habit 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻: One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of on it. 他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上. ecclesiastic / I9kli:zI5AstIk; I9klizI`AstIk/ n clergyman (in the Christian Church) （基督教会的）传教士, 牧师. ecclesiastical / －kl; －kl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of clergymen 传教士的; 牧师的. (b) of the Christian Church 基督教会的. ecclesiastically /－klI; －klI/ adv. ECG / 9i: si: 5dVi:; 9i si `dVi/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electrocardiogram: have an ECG test 作心电图检查. echelon / 5eFElCn; `ZFE9lBn/ n 1 level of authority or responsibility; rank in an organization 职权的等级; 级别: the upper echelons of the Civil Service 政府部门的高层. 2 step－like formation of troops, aircraft, ships, etc 梯形编队: aircraft flying in echelon, ie in a line stretching backwards to the left or right 成梯队飞行的飞机. echo / 5ekEU; `Zko/ n (pl ~es) 1 (a) reflection and repetition of a sound, eg from a wall or inside an enclosed space 回声; 回音: This cave has a good echo. 这个洞的回声很大. (b) sound repeated in this way 反覆的回声: If you shout loudly, you'll hear the echo. 如果大声喊, 就能听到回声. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that imitates another 模仿的人或事物: He has no original opinions; he's just his father's echo. 他没有主见, 只是随声附和他父亲的意见. * There are many echoes of Shakespeare in his work. 他的作品中有很多处模仿莎士比亚. 3 (idm 习语) to the `echo (dated 旧) long and loudly 长时间而大声地: Her performance was cheered to the echo. 她的表演获得长时间的喝采. echo－sounder n instrument used for determining the depth of sth underneath a ship by measuring the time taken for sound waves to be echoed back from it 回声探测器. echo / 5ekEU; `Zko/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (back) (of places) send back (an echo) （指地方）传回（回声）: The valley echoed (back) his song. 山谷中传回他唱歌的回声. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) (of people, places, etc) repeat (sth); imitate; recall （指人、 地方等）重复（某事物）; 模仿; 回忆: They echoed their leader's every word. 他们重复领袖的每一句话. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/with sth) (of places) repeat a sound （指地方）产生回声, 发出回声: The hills echoed to the sound of their laughter. 他们的笑声在山中产生回声. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of sounds) be repeated as an echo （指声音）回响, 引起回声: His footsteps echoed (in the empty hall). 他的脚步声（在空荡荡的大堂里）产生了回声. * Their shouts echoed through the forest. 他们的叫喊声在林中回荡. eclair / I5kleE(r), eI5kleE(r); I`klZr, e`klZr/ n (also chocolate eclair) small finger－shaped pastry cake, filled with cream and iced with chocolate 巧克力棒糕（一种奶油馅巧克力糖衣的手指形小点心）. eclat / 5eIklB:; ?@ eI5klB:; e`klB/ n [U] 1 brilliance; conspicuous success 辉煌的成就; 显赫的功绩: to perform with eclat 大为成功地表演. 2 praise; applause 喝采; 鼓掌: Her latest novel was received with great eclat. 她最新的小说备受赞赏. eclectic / I5klektIk; Ik`lZktIk/ adj (fml 文) (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range （指人、 信仰等）不局限於一种思想的, 兼收并蓄的, 折衷的: He has an eclectic taste in music. 他爱好各种音乐. eclectic n person who works, thinks, etc in an eclectic way （工作、 思想等）兼容并包的人. eclectically / －tIklI; －tIklI/ adv. eclecticism / I5klektIsIzEm; Ik`lZktI9sIzEm/ n [U]. eclipse / I5klIps; I`klIps/ n [C] 1 blocking of the light of the sun (when the moon is between it and the earth) or of the moon (when the earth's shadow falls on it) 日蚀; 月蚀: a total/partial eclipse of the sun 日全[偏]蚀. 2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) loss of brilliance, fame, power, etc 光辉、 声誉、 权势等的丧失: After suffering an eclipse, she is now famous again. 她沉默一时期以後, 现在又名声大噪了. * The writer's name remained in eclipse for many years after his death. 这位作者死後很多年, 名字一直湮没无闻. eclipse v [Tn] 1 (of the moon, the sun, a planet, etc) cause an eclipse of (sth); cut off the light from （指月、 日、 行星等）形成（某种）蚀; 使...的光消失: The sun is partly eclipsed (by the moon). 太阳（被月球）遮住一部分（日偏蚀）. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) appear dull by comparison; outshine 使（某人[某事物]）相形见绌; 使黯然失色: He is eclipsed by his wife, who is much cleverer and more amusing than he is. 他妻子比他聪明而有风趣, 显得他黯然失色. eco－ comb form 构词成分 (usu forming ns 通常用以构成名词) ecological or of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: ecosystem * ecotype. ecology / i:5kClEdVI; i`kBlEdVI/ n [U] (scientific study of) the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their surroundings 生态; 生态学: Chemicals in the factory's sewage system have changed the ecology of the whole area. 这座工厂排出的化学物质改变了整个地区的生态. ecological / 9i:kE5lCdVIkl; 9ikE`lBdVIkl/ adj of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: the dangerous ecological effects of industry, eg the pollution of the atmosphere, of rivers, etc 工业对生态的危害（如空气、 河流等的污染等）. ecologically / －klI; －klI/ adv. ecologist / i:5kClEdVIst; i`kBlEdVIst/ n student of or expert in ecology 生态学研究者; 生态学家. Econ abbr 缩写 = Economics: James Rigg MSc (ie Master of Science)(Econ) 詹姆斯·里格, 理学硕士（经济学）. economic / 9i:kE5nCmIk, 9ekE5nCmIk; 9ikE`nBmIk, 9ZkE`－nBmIk/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of economics(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的: the government's economic policy 政府的经济政策 * economic development 经济发展 * economic sanctions, ie punishment of another country by reducing or stopping trade with it 经济制裁. 2 [attrib 作定语] connected with trade and industry 与贸易和工业有关的: economic geography, ie studied mainly in connection with industry 经济地理. 3 designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的: an economic rent, ie one that brings the owner at least as much money as he has spent on the house 有利可图的租金（给业主带来至少相当其花费於该房产的钱者） * It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱. economical / 9i:kE5nCmIkl, 9ekE5nCmIkl; 9ikE`nBmIkl,9ZkE`nBmIkl/ adj careful in the spending of money, time, etc and in the use of resources; not wasteful 经济的; 节俭的; 省时间的; 节约的: an economical car to run, eg one with low petrol consumption 节油汽车 * She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. 她烹饪时用盐很省. * an economical style of writing, ie one that does not waste words 简练的写作风格（不多费笔墨者）. economically / －klI; －klI/ adv: His scheme is not economically sound. 他的计划在经济上欠妥. economic / 9i:kE5nCmIk, 9ekE5nCmIk; 9ikE`nBmIk, 9ZkE`－nBmIk/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of economics(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的: the government's economic policy 政府的经济政策 * economic development 经济发展 * economic sanctions, ie punishment of another country by reducing or stopping trade with it 经济制裁. 2 [attrib 作定语] connected with trade and industry 与贸易和工业有关的: economic geography, ie studied mainly in connection with industry 经济地理. 3 designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的: an economic rent, ie one that brings the owner at least as much money as he has spent on the house 有利可图的租金（给业主带来至少相当其花费於该房产的钱者） * It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱. economics / 9i:kE5nCmIks, 9ekE5nCmIks; 9ikE`nBmIks,9ZkE`nBmIks/ n [sing v] 1 science or principles of the production, distribution and consumption of goods esp with reference to cost 经济学; 经济原则: the economics of publishing 出版的经济原则. 2 condition of a country as regards its wealth 国家的经济状况: third world economics 第三世界的经济状况. economize, economise / I5kCnEmaIz; I`kBnE9maIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) save (money, time, resources, etc); spend less than before; be economical 节省（金钱、 时间、 资源等）; 紧缩开支; 节俭; 节约: Our electricity bills are higher than we can afford we must start to economize. 我们的电费已经高得付不起了－－得节省些了. * economize on petrol 节省汽油. economist / I5kCnEmIst; I`kBnEmIst/ n student of or expert in economics 经济学研究者; 经济学家. economy / I5kCnEmI; I`kBnEmI/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc) （金钱、 力气、 时间、 资源等的）节省, 节约: practise economy 实行节约 * It's an economy to buy good shoes; they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. 购买质量高的鞋很经济; 虽花钱多, 但比廉价鞋耐穿得多. * [attrib 作定语] We're having an economy drive (ie making a special effort to avoid waste or misuse of resources, etc) at school. 我们学校正开展节约运动（尽 量避免浪费或滥用资源）. * an economy pack, ie a large amount of a product offered for sale at a reduced price 经济装（减价发售的大包装货品） * economy class, ie the cheapest class of (air) travel 经济舱（最低廉的客机舱位）. 2 [U] control and management of money, resources, etc of a community, society, household, etc 理财: political economy 政治经济学 * domestic economy 国内经济. 3 [C] (often 常作 the economy) operation and management of a country's money supply, trade and industry; economic system （国家的）经济管理; 经济制度: The state of the economy is very worrying. 目前的经济状况令人十分担忧. * The economies of Japan and China 日本和中国的经济制度. ecosystem / 5i:kEUsIstEm; `iko9sIstEm/ n ecological unit consisting of a group of plants and living creatures interacting with each other and with their surroundings 生态系统. ecstasy / 5ekstEsI; `ZkstEsI/ n [U, C] (feeling or state of) great joy or happiness 狂喜: in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂 * religious ecstasy 宗教的极乐境界 * be in/go into/be thrown into ecstasy/ecstasies (over sth) （对某事物）心醉神迷. ecstatic / Ik5stAtIk; Ik`stAtIk/ adj causing or showing ecstasy 使人狂喜的; 欣喜若狂的: He was ecstatic at the news of his daughter's birth. 他获悉女儿出生不禁欣喜若狂. ecstatically / －klI; －klI/ adv. ECT / 9i: si: 5ti:; 9i si `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroconvulsive therapy (used eg on psychiatric patients) 电惊厥疗法, 电痉挛疗法（如施用於精神病人者）. ectoplasm / 5ektEplAzEm; `ZktE9plAzEm/ n [U] substance that is thought by some to flow from a spiritualistic medium during a trance 灵媒体外质（据信为灵媒体在恍惚状态中发出的物质）. ECU abbr 缩写 = European Currency Unit (of the Common Market) （欧洲共同市场的）欧洲通货单位. ecumenical (also oecumenical) / 9i:kju:5menIkl, 9ekju:－; 9ZkjJ`mZnIkl/ adj 1 of or representing the whole Christian world or universal Church 全基督教的; 普世教会的; 大公的: an Ecumenical Council, eg of all the Roman Catholic Church as summoned by the Pope 大公会议（如由教皇召集的全体罗马天主教会议）. 2 seeking the unity of the various Christian churches throughout the world 促进全世界基督教会联合的: the ecumenical movement 普世教会运动. ecumenicalism / －kElIzEm; －kE9lIzEm/ (also ecumenism / I5kju:mEnIzEm; `ZkjJmE9nIzEm/) n [U] belief in, or efforts towards, universal Christian unity 普世教会主义; 普世教会运动. ecumenically / －klI; －klI/ adv. eczema / 5eksImE; ?@ Ig5zi:mE; I^`zimE/ n [U] skin disease causing redness, severe itching and scaling of the skin 湿疹. ed abbr 缩写 = 1 edited (by); edition; editor. 2 educated: Peter Jeffries, b 1932, ed Tonbridge Sch彼得·杰弗里斯, 生於1932年, 曾就读於汤布里奇学校. Edam / 5i:dAm; ?@ also 5i:dEm; `idAm, `idEm/ n [U, C] hard round Dutch cheese, usu yellow with a red rind 埃丹乾酪（荷兰圆形硬乾酪, 通常为黄色, 包有红色外皮）. eddy / 5edI; `ZdI/ n circular or spiral movement of water, air, fog, dust, etc （水、 空气、 雾、 尘埃等的）旋涡; 涡流: Eddies of mist rose from the valley. 山谷中薄雾袅袅. * Eddies of dust swirled in the road. 路上尘埃滚滚. eddy v (pt, pp eddied) [I, Ip] move in or like an eddy; whirl 呈旋涡状运动; 旋转: (fig 比喻) groups of tourists eddying continually about the main square of the city 在该城主要广场上川流不息的成群旅客. edelweiss / 5eIdlvaIs; `edl9vaIs/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small Alpine plant with white flowers 火绒草（生长於阿尔卑斯高山地带, 开白花）. Eden / 5i:dn; `idn/ n (also the ,garden of `Eden) (Bible 圣经) beautiful garden where Adam and Eve lived in great happiness before they disobeyed God 伊甸园（亚当与夏娃背叛上帝前所居住的美丽乐园）: (fig 比喻) Life is no garden of Eden (ie is unpleasant) at the moment. 现时的生活并非世外桃源. edge / edV; ZdV/ n 1 sharp cutting part of a blade, knife, sword, or some other tool or weapon （刀片、 刀、 剑或其他工具或武器的）锋利部分; 刀口; 锋: a knife with a sharp edge 锋利的刀 * put an edge on an axe, ie sharpen it 给斧子开刃（磨快）. 2 (line marking the) outside limit or boundary of a solid (flat) object, surface or area （扁的固体、 物体表面或一范围的）外围界线, 边缘: the edge of a coin, plate, record 硬币、 盘、 唱片的边 * He fell off the edge of the cliff. 他从悬崖边上　了下来. * Don't put that glass on the edge of the table; it might fall off. 不要把那杯子放在桌边, 可能掉下来. * the water's edge 水边 * He lives at the edge of the forest. 他住在森林边上. 3 (idm 习语) give sb/get the (rough) edge of one's/sb's tongue (infml 口) speak to sb/be spoken to by sb angrily, rudely, critically, etc 痛骂某人[被某人责骂]: Her pupils often got the rough edge of her tongue when they disobeyed her. 学生不听她的话时, 常遭到她粗暴的申斥. have, etc an `edge to one's voice have or show a degree of anger, nervousness, annoyance, etc in the way in which one speaks 言语中流露出愤怒、 不安、 厌烦等情绪: She was trying to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 她竭力想保持冷静, 但她的声音中却显然带著怒气. have, etc an/the edgeon/over sb/sth (infml 口) have, etc a slight advantage over sb/sth 略胜过某人[某事物]: The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his older opponent. 这个年轻的网球运动员显然比那个年纪大的对手略胜一筹. (be) on `edge (be) nervous, excited or irritable 紧张不安的; 兴奋的; 易怒的; 烦躁的: She was a bit on edge till she heard he was safe. 她听到他安然无恙才放下心来. on a razor's edge => razor. set one's teeth on edge => tooth. take the edge off sth reduce, dull or soften sth 减少、 减轻或软化某物: I need a sandwich to take the edge off my appetite. 我需要一份三明治以解腹中之饥. * His brother's failure took the edge off his own success. 他哥哥的失败冲淡了他自己成功的喜悦. edgeways / 5edVweIz; `ZdV9wez/ (also edgewise / 5edVwaIz; `ZdV9waIz/) adv 1 with the edge outwards or forwards; sideways 边缘向外或向前; 侧著; 斜著: If you turn it edgeways you'll get the desk through the door. 你把书桌斜过来就能通过这道门. 2 (idm 习语) (not) get a word in edgeways => word. edging / 5edVIN; `ZdVIN/ n [U, C] thing that forms the border or edge of sth 边缘; 边饰: a/some lace edging on a dress 连衣裙上的花边边饰. edging－shears n tool for trimming grass on the edges of a lawn 修剪草坪边缘的工具; 修边剪刀. edgy / 5edVI; `ZdVI/ adj (infml 口) nervous; easily upset or annoyed 紧张的; 易怒的; 暴躁的: She's been very edgy recently, waiting for the examination results. 她最近一直心绪不宁, 等待著考试的结果. * She's always been an edgy type of person. 她一向就是那种情绪紧张的人. edgily adv. edginess n [U]. edible / 5edIbl; `ZdEbl/ adj fit to be eaten 适宜食用的; 可以吃的: This food is scarcely edible. 这种食物算不上能吃. * edible (ie not poisonous) wild berries 可食用的野莓（无毒的）. Cf 参看 eatable (eat). edict / 5i:dIkt; `idIkt/ n order or proclamation issued by an authority 法令; 敕令; 公告: by edict of the king 根据国王的敕令 * obey the edicts of parliament 服从议会通过的法令. edification / 9edIfI5keIFn; 9ZdEfE`keFEn/ n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) improvement of mind or character 开导; 启发; 陶冶; 薰陶: I am telling you this simply for your edification. 我只是为了开导你才告诉你这件事的. edifice / 5edIfIs; `ZdEfIs/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) large or imposing building 高大的或宏伟的建筑物: the ruined edifice on the hill 山上毁坏了的大厦 * (fig 比喻) He had high ideals in his youth but gradually the whole edifice crumbled. 他年轻时曾有过崇高的理想, 但渐渐地他的全部希望都破灭了. edify / 5edIfaI; `ZdE9faI/ v (pt, pp －fied) [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) improve the mind or character of (sb) 开导或启发（某人）. edifying adj morally or intellectually improving （在道德或智力方面）开导的, 启发的: edifying books 陶冶情操的书籍 * Travel is an edifying experience, especially for young people. 旅游可以使人增广见闻, 年轻人更应该多参加旅游活动. edit / 5edIt; `ZdIt/ v [Tn] 1 prepare (a piece of writing, often another person's) for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine 编辑: edit a Shakespeare play for use in schools 编辑一部莎士比亚剧本供学校使用 * edit a book of poetry 编辑一本诗集. 2 be responsible for planning, directing and publishing (a newspaper, magazine, etc) 主编（报纸、 杂志等）. 3 prepare (a film, tape recording, radio or television programme, book, etc) by putting together collected parts in a suitable sequence 剪辑（电影、 录音磁带、 无线电或电视节目、 书等）. 4 arrange (data) for processing by a computer （用计算机）编辑（数据）. 5 (phr v) edit sth out (of sth) remove (unwanted words, phrases, etc from a book, script, etc) in the process of editing 在编辑过程中删除（书、 手稿等中的不必要的词语等）: They must have edited bits of the interview out. 他们一定是把这次采访的一部分删掉了. edition / I5dIFn; I`dIFEn/ n 1 (a) form in which a book is published 版本: a paperback, hard－cover, de luxe, etc edition 平装本, 硬皮本, 精装本等. (b) form in which a radio or television programme is broadcast 无线电或电视节目的广播形式. 2 total number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc issued at one time （书报等）一次发行的总数: a first edition 初版 * a revised edition 修订版 * in its sixth edition 出至第六版 * the morning/ evening/ lunch－time edition of a newspaper 报纸的早晨版[晚间版/中午版]. Cf 参看 impression 6, reprint n. editor / 5edItE(r); `ZdItL/ n person who edits (esp abook, newspaper, magazine, radio or television programme) or who is in charge of part of a newspaper 编辑; 编者: the `sports, financial, `fashion editor 体育、 金融、 时装栏编辑. editorship n [U]. editorial / 9edI5tR:rIEl; 9ZdE`tRrIEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of an editor 编辑的: the editorial office 编辑部 * editorial work 编辑工作. editorial n special article in a newspaper, etc, giving an opinion on some topical issue (usu written by the editor) 社论; 社评. EDP / 9i: di: 5pi:; 9i di `pi/ abbr 缩写 = electronic data processing 电子数据处理. EDT / 9i: di: 5ti:; 9i di `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Eastern Daylight Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EST 1. educate / 5edVUkeIt; `ZdVJ9ket/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (in sth) train the mind and character of sb; teach sb; provide sb with an education 训练某人的思想和性格; 教某人; 教育某人: The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively. 公众应受到合理地利用能源的教育. * Parents should educate their children to behave well. 父母应当教育子女守规矩. * Where were you educated? ie Which school(s), etc did you go to? 你在哪（些）所学校学习过? =>Usage at teach用法见teach. educated / 5edVUkeItId; `ZdVJ9ketId/ adj 1 having been educated 受过教育的; 受过训练的: a highly educated woman 有高度教养的妇女 * self－educated 自修的 * educated tastes in art 在艺术方面有修养的鉴赏力. 2 (idm 习语) an ,educated `guess guess based on experience (and therefore probably correct) 根据经验做出的猜测（因此可能是正确的）. educator n person who educates (esp professionally) 教育工作者; 教育家; 训练者. education / 9edVU5keIFn; 9ZdVJ`keFEn/ n [U] 1 (system of) training and instruction (esp of children and young people in schools, colleges, etc) designed to give knowledge and develop skills 教育; 教育体制: A child receives its early education at home. 幼儿在家接受早期教育. * primary/secondary/tertiary/adult education 初等[中等/高等/成人]教育 * No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people. 任何国家都不能疏忽对年轻人的教育. 2 knowledge, abilities and the development of character and mental powers that result from such training （接受教育而获得的）知识, 能力, 修养, 智力: intellectual, moral, physical, etc education 智育、 德育、 体育等. 3 field of study dealing with how to teach 教育学: a college of education 教育学院 * a lecturer in education 教育学讲师. educational / －FEnl; －FEnl/ adj of, about or providing education 教育的; 与教育有关的; 有教育意义的: an educational magazine 教育杂志 * I found the experience most educational. 我认为这一经历极有教益. educationally / －FEnElI; －FEnElI/ adv. educationist / 9edVU5keIFEnIst; 9ZdVJ`keFEnIst/ (also educationalist / 9edVU5keIFEnElIst; 9ZdVJ`keFEnlIst/) n specialist in education 教育家. EEC / 9i: i: 5si:; 9i i `si/ abbr 缩写 = European Economic Community (the Common Market) 欧洲经济共同体（共同市场）: join the EEC 加入欧洲经济共同体 * EEC members 欧洲经济共同体成员. EEG / 9i: i: 5dVi:; 9i i `dVi/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroen－cephalogram: give sb an EEG 给某人做脑电图. eel / i:l; il/ n long snake－like fish that is difficult to catch hold of 鳗; 鳗鲡; 白鳝: jellied eels, ie cooked and eaten cold in a savoury jelly 鳗鱼冻. eerie (also eery) / 5IErI; `IrI/ adj (－ier, －iest) causing a feeling of mystery and fear 引起神秘和恐怖感觉的; 可怕的; 怪异的: an eerie scream 恐怖的尖叫 * an eerie silence 可怕的沉寂. eerily / 5IErElI; `IrIlI/ adv. eeriness / 5IErInIs; `IrInIs/ n [U]. eff / ef; Zf/ v ( euph 讳, 婉) (phr v) eff off go away; fuck off 走开; 滚开: I told him to eff off. 我叫他滚蛋. effing adj: It's an effing nuisance. 真是混帐事. efface / I5feIs; I`fes/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 rub or wipe (sth) out; cause to fade 擦去, 抹掉（某事物）; 使淡薄; 使逐渐消失: Time and weather had long ago effaced the inscription on the monument. 岁月和风雨早已磨掉纪念碑上的铭文. * Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories. 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆. 2 ~ oneself keep in the background in order to escape being noticed; make oneself appear unimportant 使自己不被人注意; 使自己显得无足轻重. effacement n [U]. effect / I5fekt; I`fZkt/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) change produced by an action or cause; result or outcome 效应; 结果; 後果: the effects of heat on metal 热对金属产生的效应 * Did the medicine have any effect/a good effect? 这药有什麽疗效[疗效好]吗? * The film had quite an effect on her. 这影片对她影响极大. * I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect. 我尽力劝他, 他根本不听. 2 [C, U] impression produced on the mind of the spectator, listener, reader, etc (esp in plays, films, broadcasts, paintings, etc) （观众、 听众、 读者等）头脑 中所产生的印象（尤指在戏剧、 电影、 广播、 绘画等方面）: The general effect of the painting is overwhelming. 这幅画给人总的印象是很有气势. * The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. 舞台灯光产生月夜景色的效果. * She only dresses like that for the effect it creates/for effect. 她仅仅为了装样子才那样打扮. * The science fiction film had some marvellous special effects. 这部科幻电影有些特殊效果美妙绝伦. 3 effects [pl] (fml or law 文或律) personal property; possessions 个人财产; 财物: personal effects 个人财产 * household effects 家庭财物. 4 (idm 习语) bring/put sth into ef`fect cause sth to come into use 使某物开始使用: The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用. come into ef`fect (esp of laws, rules, etc ) reach the stage of being in use （尤指法律、 规则等）实行, 实施: The new seat－belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全带规则上周开始实施. give effect to sth (fml 文) cause sth to become active or produce a result 使某事物实行起来; 使生效: The new ruling gives effect to the recommendations of the special committee. 这一新裁定使特别委员会的推荐生效. in ef`fect (a) for practical purposes; in fact 实际上; 事实上: The two systems are, in effect, identical. 这两种制度实际上一模一样. (b) (of a rule, law, etc) in use （指规则、 法律等）有效: Some ancient laws are still in effect. 有些古时的法律现在仍然有效. of/to no ef`fect not having the result intended or hoped for 没有预期的或希望的结果; 无效: My warning was of no effect. 我的警告无济於事. * We warned them, but to no effect. 我们警告过他们, 但完全没用. strain after effects/an effect => strain1. take ef`fect (a) produce the result intended or required 产生预期的或要求的结果; 生效: The aspirins soon took effect. 服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了. (b) come into force or use; become active 实施; 实行; 起作用: The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起实行. to good, etc ef`fect producing a good, etc result or impression 产生好的等结果或印象: The room shows off her paintings to good effect. 这个房间把她绘画的优点充分显示出来. to this/that ef`fect with this/that meaning or information 有这样[那样]的意思或内容: He told me to get out, or words to that effect. 他说了一句叫我走开之类的话. to the effect that... with the meaning, or giving the information, that... 大意为...: He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning. 他留下一张字条, 大意是说他不回来了. effect v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sth) about; cause to occur 使（某事物）产生; 使发生; 引起: effect a cure, a change, a sale 产生疗效、 引起变化、 实行大减价. =>Usage at affect1 用法见affect1. effective / I5fektIv; I`fZktIv/ adj 1 (a) having an effect; producing the intended result 有效的; 产生预期结果的: effective measures to reduce unemployment 减少失业的有效措施 * The law is no longer effective. 该法令已失效. (b) making a striking impression 产生深刻印象的: a very effective colour scheme 非常醒目的色调 * an effective speech 精彩的演说. 2 [attrib 作定语] (a) actual or existing 实际的; 实在的; 现有的: the effective membership of a society 现有的全体会员. (b) fit for service or work 适於承担任务或工作的: the effective strength of the army 军队的战斗力. effectively adv 1 in an effective way 有效地. 2 for practical purposes; in effect 事实上; 实际上: This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing on time. 这意味著我们实际上没有可能准时完成. effectiveness n [U]. effectual / I5fektFUEl; I`fZktFJEl/ adj (fml 文) (not used of people) producing the intended result （不用於指人）产生预期结果的, 有效的: take effectual action, measures, steps, etc 采取有效行动、 措施、 步骤等. effectually / －ElI; －ElI/ adv. effeminate / I5femInEt; I`fZmEnIt/ adj (derog 贬) (of a man or his behaviour) like a woman; unmanly （指男人或其行为）像女人的; 没男子气的: an effeminate manner, voice, walk 像女人的举止、 声音、 走路姿态. effeminacy / I5femInEsI; I`fZmEnEsI/ n [U]. effeminately / －lI; －lI/ adv. effervesce / 9efE5ves; 9ZfL`vZs/ v 1 [I] (of a liquid) release bubbles of gas; fizz （指液体）释放出气泡, 嘶嘶起泡. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) (of people) be happy, lively and excited （指人）愉快、 活跃而兴奋. effervescence / 9efE5vesns; 9ZfL`vZsns/ n [U]. effervescent / －snt; －snt/ adj. effete / I5fi:t; I`fit/ adj (a) weak, having lost power衰弱的; 丧失权力的: an effete civilization, empire, government, etc 衰落的文明、 没落的帝国、 软弱的政府. (b) lacking vitality and strength; feeble 缺乏活力和力量的; 虚弱的: an effete young man 无精打彩的年轻人. effeteness n [U]. efficacious / 9efI5keIFEs; 9ZfE`keFEs/ adj (fml 文) (not of people) producing the desired result; effective （不用以指人）有效的: an efficacious treatment, medicine, etc 有效的治疗、 药品等. efficaciously adv. efficacy / 5efIkEsI; `ZfEkEsI/ n [U] state or quality of being efficacious 有效性; 效能; 功效: test the efficacy of a new drug 测试新药的效能. efficient / I5fIFnt; I`fIFEnt/ adj 1 (of people) able to work well; capable （指人）能胜任的; 有能力的: an efficient secretary, teacher, administrator, etc 能干的秘书、 教师、 行政人员等 * He's efficient at his job. 他胜任工作. 2 (esp of tools, machines, systems, etc) producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or energy （尤指工具, 机器, 系统等）有效力的: an efficient new filing system 有效的新归档系统. efficiency / I5fIFnsI; I`fIFEnsI/ n [U] state or quality of being efficient 能力; 效力; 效能. efficiently / －lI; －lI/ adv: get industry running more efficiently 使工业经营管理效率更高. effigy / 5efIdVI; `ZfEdVI/ n 1 [C] carved figure or model representing a person or animal （人或动物的）雕像, 肖像, 模拟像: stone effigies of Buddha 石雕佛像 * On 5 November British children burn effigies of Guy Fawkes. 每逢11月5日英国儿童都焚烧盖伊·福克斯的模拟像. 2 (idm 习语) in effigy as a model 作为模拟像: burn sb in effigy, ie make a model of sb and burn it as a sign of hatred, etc 烧某人的模拟像（泄愤等）. efflorescence / 9eflR:5resns; 9ZflR`rZsns/ n [U] (fml esp fig 文, 尤作比喻) action or time of bursting into flower 开花; 花期: a period of great efflorescence in the arts 艺术的全盛时期. efflorescent / －snt; －snt/ adj. effluent / 5eflUEnt; `ZflJEnt/ n 1 [U, C] (discharge of) liquid waste matter, sewage, etc, eg from a factory into a river 废液、 污水等（的排放）（如从工厂排到河流）: The effluent from the factory makes the river unsafe for swimming. 工厂放出的废水把这条河弄得不能游泳了. 2 [C] stream flowing from a larger stream or from a lake （从河或湖中流出的）支流, 小水流. effort / 5efEt; `ZfLt/ n 1 [U] use of (much) strength and energy (to do sth) （做某事物使用的）力量和精力: a waste of time and effort 时间和精力的浪费 * They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头抬起来了. * He must put more effort into his work. 他必须更加努力工作. 2 [C] ~ (to do sth) energetic attempt; struggle 努力; 奋斗: His efforts were much appreciated. 大家都夸他很努力. * It was a real effort to stay awake through the film. 真要强打著精神才能看完整部电影. * I will make every effort (ie do all I can) to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达. 3 [C] result of an attempt 努力的结果: That's a good effort, ie That has been well done. 这事干得不错. effortless adj needing no or little effort 不需努力的; 不费力的: She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力. effortlessly adv. effortlessness n [U]. effrontery / I5frQntErI; I`frQntErI/ n (a) [U] boldness or rudeness without shame; impertinence 厚颜无耻; 傲慢; 鲁莽; 无礼: He had the effrontery to say I was lying. 他竟敢说我撒谎. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) instance of this 厚颜无耻的行为; 傲慢鲁莽的举止: Everyone is tired of their blatant effronteries. 大家都厌恶他们粗俗. effusion / I5fju:Vn; I`fjuVEn/ n 1 (fml 文) (a) [U] pouring out, esp of liquid 倾出; 流出: an effusion of blood 流血. (b) [C] quantity poured out 流出的量. 2 [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) (esp unrestrained) pouring out of thoughts and feelings in words （尤指无约束的）思想和感情的流露; 抒发感情: poetical effusions 诗情奔放 * effusions in love letters 情书中的绵绵情意. effusive / I5fju:sIv; I`fjusIv/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) showing (too much) feeling; too emotional （过分）流露感情的; 太动感情的: Her effusive thanks embarrassed everybody. 她道谢时非常激动, 弄得大家不好意思. effusively adv. effusiveness n [U]. EFL / 9i: ef 5el; 9i Zf `Zl/ abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Foreign Language 作为外语的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 ESL. EFTA (also Efta) / 5eftE; `ZftE/ abbr 缩写 = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟: In 1972 Britain left EFTA and joined the EEC. 1972年英国脱离欧洲自由贸易联盟, 加入了欧洲经济共同体. eg / 9i: 5dVi:; 9i `dVi/ abbr 缩写 = for example; for instance (Latin exempli gratia) 例如（源自拉丁文exempli gratia）: popular pets, eg dogs, cats, rabbits, etc 大家喜爱的宠物, 如狗、 猫、 兔等. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz. egalitarian / I9gAlI5teErIEn; I9^AlE`tZrIEn/ n, adj (person) showing or holding a belief in equal rights, benefits and opportunities for everybody 平等主义的; 平等主义者: an egalitarian attitude to voting 对投票持平等主义的态度. egalitarianism / －IzEm; －IzEm/ n [U] egg / e^; Z^/ n 1 [C] in female mammals the cell from which the young is formed; ovum 卵; 卵子; 卵细胞: The male sperm fertilizes the female egg. 雄性的精子使雌性的卵子受精. 2 (a) [C] oval object from which young are hatched, laid by birds, reptiles, insects, etc and usu covered by a thin hard shell （鸟类、 爬行动物、 昆虫等产的）卵, 蛋: The hen laid a large brown egg. 这只母鸡下了一个大红皮蛋. * The blackbird's nest contained four eggs. 黑鹂巢里有四个蛋. * ants' eggs 蚂蚁卵. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U, C] (contents of) this, esp from a hen, used as food （用作食物的）蛋; （尤指）鸡蛋: You've got some egg (ie a bit of cooked egg) on your shirt. 你衬衫上沾了些鸡蛋. * Do you want a boiled egg for breakfast? 你早饭要吃煮鸡蛋吗? * ducks' eggs 鸭蛋. 3 (idm 习语) a bad `egg/`lot (dated infml 旧, 口) person considered to be dishonest and unreliable 不忠诚和不可信任的人; 坏蛋; 坏人. a curate's egg => curate. get, have, be left with, etc `egg on/all over one's face (infml 口) appear foolish 显得愚蠢: He was left with egg all over his face when his forecast was proved wrong. 他的预言证实是错的, 他显得很尴尬. kill the goose that lays the golden egg => kill. make an omelette without breaking eggs => omelette. ,put all one's ,eggs in/into one `basket risk everything one has on the success of one plan, eg by putting all one's money into one business 孤注一掷（如将所有的钱投入一项生意上）. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach. egg－beater n = egg－whisk. egg－cup n small cup for holding a boiled egg 蛋杯（盛煮鸡蛋的小杯）. =>illus 见插图. egghead n (infml derog 口, 贬) very intellectual person 很有学问的人: The eggheads at the university know nothing about business. 大学的饱学之士对做生意一窍不通. egg－plant n [C, U] (esp US) = aubergine. eggshell n hard thin outer part of an egg 蛋壳. eggshell `china very fine thin type of china 非常薄的细瓷器. eggshell `paint type of paint that is neither glossy nor matt 蛋壳漆（一种光泽既不亮又不暗的漆）. egg－timer n device for measuring time when boiling eggs 煮蛋计时器. egg－whisk (also egg－beater) n device for beating eggs 打蛋器. egg / eg; Z^/ v (phr v) egg sb on (to do sth) urge or strongly encourage sb to do sth 怂恿或鼓励某人做某事: I didn't want to do it but Peter kept egging me `on. 我本不想做那件事, 但彼得一直怂恿我. eglantine / 5eglEntaIn; `Z^lEn9taIn/ (also sweet－briar) n [U] type of wild rose 多花蔷薇; 野蔷薇. ego / 5egEU; ?@ 5i:gEU; `i^o/ n 1 (psychology 心) individual's perception or experience of himself, esp in relation to other people or to the outside world; part of the mind that can think, feel and act 自我. Cf 参看 id, super－ego. 2 (infml 口) self－esteem 自尊; 自负: Losing the match made quite a dent in his ego. 比赛失败对他的自尊心打击极大. ego－trip n (sl 俚) self－centred activity 以自我为中心的活动: (derog 贬) Her life is just one big ego－trip. 她一生都是以自我为中心. egocentric / 9egEU5sentrIk; ?@ 9i:g－; 9i^o`sZntrIk/ adj considering only oneself; self－centred 只考虑自己的;以自我为中心的. egocentricity / －sen5trIsEtI;－sZn`trIsEtI/ n [U]. egoism / 5egEUIzEm; ?@ 5i:g－; `i^o9IzEm/ n [U] 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) state of mind in which one is always thinking about oneself and what is best for oneself 总考虑个人和个人利益; 自私自利. 2 (philosophy 哲) theory that our actions are always caused by a wish to benefit ourselves 利己主义; 自我主义. Cf 参看 altruism. egoist / －Ist; －Ist/ n person who believes in or shows egoism 自私自利的人; 利己主义者; 自我主义者. egoistic / 9egEU5IstIk; ?@ 9i:g－; 9i^o`IstIk/, egoistical /－kl; －kEl/ adjs of an egoist 自私自利的; 利己主义者的; 自我主义者的: an egoistic act 自私自利的行为. egoistically / －klI; －klI/ adv. egotism / 5egEUtIzEm; ?@ 5i:g－; `i^E9tIzEm/ n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) practice of talking too often or too much about oneself; selfishness 自我中心; 自私自利. egotist / －tIst; －tIst/ n person who practises or shows egotism; selfish person 自我中心者; 自私自利者. egregious / I5gri:dVIEs; I`^ridVIEs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (usu of sb/sth bad 通常指坏人[坏事物]) exceptional; outstanding 异乎寻常的; 突出的; 显著的: egregious incompetence, cowardice, etc 极其无能、 胆怯...的表现 * an egregious fool 大傻瓜. egregiously adv. egress / 5i:gres; `i^rZs/ n 1 [U] (law 律) (right of) going out 外出; 外出权. 2 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) way out; exit 出路; 出口. Cf 参看 ingress. egret / 5i:grIt; `i^rIt/ n type of heron with beautiful long white tail－feathers 白鹭. eh / eI; e/ interj (infml 口) (used to express surprise or doubt, to invite agreement, or to ask for sth to be repeated 用以表示惊奇或怀疑、 徵求同意或请求重复某事): `That was a good film, eh?' ｀那是一部好影片, 对吗?＇ * `I want to go home!' `Eh?' `I said I want to go home!' ｀我想回家!＇｀嗯?＇｀我说我想回家!＇ eiderdown / 5aIdEdaUn; `aIdLdaJn/ n quilt for a bed filled with soft feathers or other soft material 用羽绒或其他轻软物填充的被褥. Cf 参看 duvet. eight / eIt; et/ pron, det 8; one more than seven 8, 八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. eight n 1 the number 8 八. 2 crew of eight people in a rowing boat 划艇的八人一组的船员: Is the Oxford eight winning? 牛津的划艇队能赢吗? 3 (idm 习语) have had ,one over the `eight (infml 口) be slightly drunk 微醉. eight－ (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eight of the thing specified 有八个...的. eighth / eItW; etW/ pron, det 8th; next after seventh 第8, 第八（个）. n one of eight equal parts of sth 八分之一. eightsome / 5eItsEm; `etsEm/ n 1 group of eight people 八人一组. 2 game played by eight people 八人玩的游戏. 3 (also ,eightsome `reel) lively Scottish dance for eight dancers 八人跳的轻快的苏格兰舞. For the uses of eight and eighth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eight和eighth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. eighteen / 9eI5ti:n; e`tin/ pron, det 18; one more than seventeen 18, 十八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. eighteen n the number 18 十八. eighteenth / 9eI5ti:nW; e`tinW/ pron, det 18th; next after seventeenth 第18, 第十八（个）. n one of eighteen equal parts of sth 十八分之一. For the uses of eighteen and eighteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eighteen和eighteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. eighty / 5eItI; `etI/ pron, det 80; one more than seventy－nine 80, 八十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. eightieth / 5eItIEW; `etIIW/ pron, det 80th; next after seventy－ninth 第80, 第八十（个）. n one of eighty equal parts of sth 八十分之一. eighty n 1 [C] the number 80 *80;八十. 2 the eighties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 80 to 89 从80到89的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's eighties between the ages of 80 and 90 在80岁到90岁之间. For the uses of eighty and eightieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关於eighty和eightieth的用法见fifty、 five和fifth词条中的示例. eisteddfod / 9aI5steTvCd; aI`stZTvBd/ n annual gathering in Wales where poets and musicians compete 在威尔士举行的诗人与音乐家的比赛年会. either / 5aITE(r), 5i:TE(r); `iTL/ indef det, indef pron one or the other of two （两者中的）一个. (a) (det): You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以. * Keep either one of the forms. 两张表格保留哪张都行. * There's a staircase at either end (ie both ends) of the corridor. 走廊两端都有楼梯. (b) (pron) (used with a sing v 与单数动词连用): I've bought two cakes you can have either. 我买了两块蛋糕－－你要哪块都行. * Take one of the books on the table either of them will do. 从桌上拿一本书－－两本中哪本都可以. either indef adv 1 (used after two negative vs 用於两个否定式之後): I don't like the red shirt and I don't like the green one either, ie I dislike both the red shirt and the green one. 我不喜欢这件红衬衫, 也不喜欢这件绿衬衫. * Mary won't go and Peter won't go either. 玛丽不去, 彼得也不去. (Cf 参看...and neither will Peter. ) * He can't hear and he can hardly speak either. 他既听不见也几乎不能说话. =>Usage at also用法见also. 2 (used to emphasize a negative phrase 用於强调含否定意义的短语): I know a good Italian restaurant. It's not far from here, either. 我知道一家很好的意大利餐馆, 离这儿并不远. 3 either...or... (used to show a choice of two alternatives 用於表示在两个可能性中任择其一): either French or Spanish 或法国的或西班牙的 * I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了, 就是放在抽屉里了. * You can either write or phone to request a copy. 既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本. ejaculate / I5dVAkjUleIt; I`dVAkjE9let/ v 1 [I] eject or rapidly discharge fluid, esp semen, from the body （从体内）射出或迅速排出液体; （尤指）射精. 2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) say (sth) suddenly and briefly; exclaim 突然而简短地说（某事）; 呼喊. ejaculation / I9dVAkjU5leIFn; I9dVAkjE`leFEn/ n 1 [C, U] sudden discharge or ejection of fluid, esp semen, from the body 从体内突然排出或射出液体; （尤指）射精. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing said suddenly and briefly; exclamation 突然说出的简短的话; 呼喊: an ejaculation of surprise 突然的惊叫. eject / I5dVekt; I`dVZkt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) force sb/sth out; expel sb/sth 强迫某人[某物]出去; 驱逐; 逐出某人[某物]: The noisy youths were ejected from the cinema. 吵闹的青年人都已从影院驱逐出去. * Cartridges are ejected from the gun after firing. 开枪後子弹壳从枪膛弹出. 2 [Tn] send (sth) out, usu violently or suddenly 喷出（某物）: lava ejected from a volcano 从火山喷出的熔岩. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be thrown quickly from an aircraft in an emergency, so that one can descend by parachute 在紧急情况下将人从飞行器中弹出（以便用降落伞降落）: As the plane fell rapidly towards the ground, the pilot had to eject. 在飞机迅速落向地面时, 驾驶员只得弹射出来. ejection / I5dVekFn; I`dVZkFEn/ n [U]. ejector / I5dVektE(r); I`dVZktL/ n device for ejecting people or things 弹射器（弹射人或物的装置）. ejector seat (US also ejection seat) seat in an aircraft that allows the pilot to eject(3) （飞行器上的）弹射座椅. eke / i:k; ik/ v (phr v) eke sth out (a) make a small supply of sth last longer by adding sth else to it or by using it sparingly 使小量物品用的时间长（靠节省用量或以他物弥补）: They eked out their coal by collecting firewood. 他们拣拾木柴以补充煤的不足. (b) manage to make (a living) laboriously by doing this 竭力维持（生活）: eking out a meagre existence 勉强维持贫困的生活. elaborate / I5lAbErEt; I`lAbErIt/ adj very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished 详尽而复杂的; 精心制作的: elaborate plans 详尽的计划 * an elaborate hairstyle 复杂的发型 * an elaborate five－course meal 有五道菜的一顿盛馔. elaborate / I5lAbEreIt; I`lAbE9ret/ 1 v [Tn] (fml 文) work (sth) out in detail 详细制定（某事物）: Please elaborate your plan. 请做出详细的计划. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) describe or explain sth in detail 详尽解释或说明某事; 阐述: You understand the situation; I needn't elaborate any further. 你了解形势, 我无须赘述. elaboration/ I9lAbE5reIFn; I9lAbE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] working sth out, or discussing sth, in detail 详细制定, 详尽讨论某事物: the further elaboration of a theory 对一理论的深入探讨. 2 [C] additional, usu unnecessary, detail 附加细节（通常为不必要的）: The elaborations of the plot made it a difficult book to read. 这本书因内容节外生枝而很难懂. elaborately adv: an elaborately decorated room 精心布置的房间. elaborateness n [U] state of being elaborate 详尽; 复杂; 精心制作. elan / eI5lB:n; e`lD/ n [U] (French 法) vivacity; impetuousity; enthusiasm 活力; 冲动; 热情: performing with great elan 演出声情并茂. eland / 5i:lEnd; `ilEnd/ n large African antelope 大角斑羚（非洲大羚羊）. elapse / I5lAps; I`lAps/ v [I] (fml 文) (of time) pass （指时间）过去, 消逝: Three years have elapsed since we last met. 我们上次相见至今已过了三年. elastic / I5lAstIk; I`lAstIk/ adj 1 returning to its normal or previous size or shape after being pulled or pressed 有弹性的; 弹力的: a bra with elastic straps 有松紧带的乳罩 * Rubber is elastic. 橡皮有弹性. 2 (fig 比喻) not fixed or unalterable; adaptable; flexible 非固定的或不可改变的; 适应性强的; 灵活的: Our plans are fairly elastic. 我们的计划相当灵活. elastic n [U] 1 elastic cord or material, usu made with rubber thread 松紧带: The elastic in my pants has gone, ie has broken or perished. 我裤子的松紧带坏了（断了或老化了）. * [attrib 作定语] an elastic bandage 弹性松紧带. 2 (US) = rubber band (rubber). elasticate / I5lAstIkeIt; I`lAstE9ket/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] insert elastic into (a fabric or garment) 将松紧带插入（织物或衣服）: a dress with an elasticated top 上部有松紧带的连衣裙 * an elasticated belt 有松紧带的腰带. elasticity / 9elA5stIsEtI; ?@ I9lA－; I9lAs`tIsEtI/ n [U] quality of being elastic 弹性; 弹力; 灵活性; 适应性. elastic band (US) = rubber band (rubber). Elastoplast / I5lAstEplB:st, －plAst; I`lAstE9plAst/ n [U] (Brit propr 专利名) adhesive dressing for cuts, etc 弹性松紧带. elated / I5leItId; I`letId/ adj ~ (at/by sth) in high spirits; very happy or proud 情绪高昂的; 兴高采烈的; 非常愉快或自豪的: an elated smile 沾沾自喜的微笑 * She was elated at/by the news. 她听到这个消息喜出望外. elatedly / I5leItIdlI; I`letIdlI/ adv. elation / I5leIFn; I`leFEn/ n [U] high spirits; joy 兴高采烈; 欢欣鼓舞: She was filled with elation when her daughter was born. 她女儿出生时她十分欢喜. elbow / 5elbEU; `Zl9bo/ n 1 (outer part of the) joint where the arm bends 肘; 肘部: He sat with his elbows on the table. 他双肘支在桌上坐著. =>illus at human 见human之插图. 2 part of the sleeve of a coat, jacket, etc which covers this （衣服的）肘部: a jacket patched at the elbows 肘部打补丁的夹克. 3 sharp bend in a pipe, chimney, etc that is shaped like an elbow （形状似肘的）管子, 烟囱等的弯处; 弯管; 弯头. 4 (idm 习语) at one's `elbow very near; within reach 非常近; 可够得著. give sb/get the `elbow (infml 口) (cause sb to) be dismissed or rejected （使某人）被排斥或被拒绝: She gave me the elbow when she started going out with Roger. 她开始与罗杰外出约会, 就把我撇开了. more power to sb's elbow => power. not know one's arse from one's elbow => know. out at (the) `elbows (a) (of a garment) old and full of holes （指衣服）捉襟见肘的. (b) (of a person) in old shabby clothes; badly dressed （指人）穿破旧衣服的, 衣衫褴褛的. elbow v (phr v) elbow sb out of the way/aside push sb to one side with the elbows 用肘将某人推到一边: He elbowed me out of the way. 他用肘部把我挤到一边. elbow one's way into, through, etc (sth) force (one's way) in a specified direction by using one's elbows 用肘朝某一方向强行开路: He elbowed his way through the crowd. 他用肘开路, 从人群中挤出. * She elbowed her way forward. 她用肘开路向前走. elbow－grease n [U] (infml 口) hard manual work, esp vigorous polishing or cleaning 费劲的体力活儿; （尤指）擦拭: If you used a bit of elbow－grease you could get those boots clean. 只要稍用些力就能把那双靴子擦乾净. elbow－room n [U] space in which one can move freely 可以自由活动的空间: I need (some) more elbow－room. 我需要大一些的活动空间. elder / 5eldE(r); `ZldL/ adj 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] (of people; esp two closely related members of a family) older; senior （指人, 尤指家庭中两个关系密切的成员）年长的, 年龄较大的: my elder brother 我的哥哥 * her elder daughter, ie the first－born of her two daughters 她的大女儿. (b) the elder (used without an immediately following n to refer to an earlier or later n 後面不紧接名词, 用以指前面或後面的名词) the older person, etc (of two) （两人中）年长者: He is the elder of my two brothers. 他是我两兄弟中年岁较大的. * There go my two sons. Can you guess which is the elder? 那是我的两个儿子. 你能猜出哪个大吗? 2 the elder (fml 文) (used before or after sb's name to distinguish him from another person with the same name 用於某人名字之前或之後, 以区别与之同名者): Pitt the elder 大皮特 * the elder Pitt 大皮特. Cf 参看 young 3. elder n 1 my, etc elder [sing] person older than me, etc 比我等年长的人: He is her elder by several years. 他比她大几岁. 2 elders [pl] people of greater age and authority 年迈而有权威的人: the village elders, ie the old and respected people of the village 村中德高望重的前辈 * Traditions were passed on by the elders of the tribe. 部族的传统由长者承袭相传. 3 [C] official in a Presbyterian church （长老会中的）长老. 4 (idm 习语) one's (elders and) betters => better3 3. elder statesman old and respected politician; person, usu retired, whose advice is still valued because of his long experience 政界元老（年迈而受尊重的政治家）; 老顾问（因经验丰富而其意见仍受重视的人, 通常指退休者）. elder / 5eldE(r); `ZldL/ n any of several types of small tree with scented white flowers and red or black berries 接骨木. elderberry / 5eldEbrI; ?@ 5eldEr9berI; `ZldL9bZrI/ n fruit of an elder 接骨木浆果. ,elderberry `wine wine made from these berries 接骨木浆果酒. elderly / 5eldElI; `ZldLlI/ adj (often euph 常作委婉语) (of people) rather old; past middle age （指人）相当老的, 过了中年的, 上了年纪的: He's very active for an elderly man. 按老年人来说, 他非常活跃. =>Usage at old 用法见old. eldest / 5eldIst; `ZldIst/ adj [attrib 作定语], n (of people,esp of three or more closely related members of a family) first－born; oldest （指人, 尤指家中同辈的至少三个成员中的）第一个出生的, 年长的: Jill is my eldest daughter. 吉尔是我的长女. * Jill is the eldest of my three children. 吉尔是我三个孩子中年龄最大的. * Jill is the eldest of three, ie the oldest child in a family with three children. 吉尔是一家三个孩子中最大的. * Jill is my eldest. 吉尔是我的大孩子. =>Usage at elder1 用法见elder1. eldorado / 9eldE5rB:dEU; 9ZldE`rBdo/ n (pl ~s) imaginary land or city rich in precious metals 想像中的黄金国或黄金市. elect / I5lekt; I`lZkt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) choose sb by vote 选举某人: They elected a new president. 他们选举出一位新总统. * She was elected to parliament last year. 她去年被选进议会. * We elected James (to be) chairman. 我们选出詹姆斯当主席. 2 [Tt] (fml 文) choose or decide (to do sth) 选择或决定（做某事）: She elected to become a lawyer. 她决定当律师. elect adj (after the n) chosen for a position but not yet occupying it （在名词後）当选而尚未就职的: the president elect 候任总统. election / I5lekFn; I`lZkFEn/ n [U, C] (instance of) choosing or selection by vote (of candidates for a position, esp a political office) 选举（尤指从政）: In America, presidential elections are held every four years.美国总统选举每四年举行一次. * He's standing for election. 他是候选人. * [attrib 作定语] the election results 选举结果. electioneering / I9lekFE5nIErIN; I9lZkFEn`IrIN/ n [U] activity of trying to influence voters in an election by canvassing, making speeches, etc 竞选活动. elective / I5lektIv; I`lZktIv/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having the power to elect 有选举权的: an elective assembly 有选举权的大会. 2 chosen or filled by election 选任的; 由选举产生的: an elective office 选任的职位. 3 (esp of an American university course, etc) not compulsory; optional （尤指美国大学课程等）非强迫的, 任选的, 选修的: elective subjects 选修科目. 4 not urgently necessary 非急需的: elective surgery 非急需施行的手术. elective n (esp US) optional course or subject studied at school or college 学校的选修课或选修科目: She is taking French as an elective next year. 她明年选修法语. elector / I5lektE(r); I`lZktL/ n person who has the right to vote in an election 有选举权的人; 选民: Many electors didn't vote today because of the bad weather. 由於天气恶劣, 许多选民今天没有投票. electoral / I5lektErEl; I`lZktErEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of elections or electors 选举的; 选民的: the electoral register/roll, ie list of the electors in an area 选民登记册 * In the USA the Electoral College elects the president. 美国总统由总统选举团选举产生. electorate / I5lektErEt; I`lZktErIt/ n [CGp] all the qualified electors considered as a group 全体选民: The electorate is/are disillusioned. 全体选民大失所望. electr(o)－ comb form 构词成分 of electricity 电的: electrocardiogram * electrolysis. electric / I5lektrIk; I`lZktrIk/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) producing electricity 发电的: an electric generator 发电机. (b) produced by electricity 由电产生的: an electric current 电流. =>App 11 见附录11. (c) used in the conveying of electricity 用於导电的: an electric plug, socket, flex, etc 电源插头、 插座、 皮线等. (d) using electrical power 使用电力的: an electric cooker, iron, light, etc 电炉、 电熨斗、 电灯等. 2 (fig 比喻) causing sudden excitement, esp in a group of people 使人（尤指人群）突然兴奋的: an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛 * The news had an electric effect. 这消息顿时使群情激昂. electric blanket blanket that is warmed electrically 电热毯. electric eye (infml 口) = photoelectric cell (photoelectric). electric field (physics 物) area near an electric charge, in which a force is exerted on another charged particle 电场. electric razor = shaver (shave). electric shock (also shock) effect of a sudden discharge of electricity through the body 触电; 电休克; 电震; 电击: I got an electric shock from that faulty light switch. 那个有毛病的电灯开关把我电了一下. electric storm violent atmospheric disturbance that produces electricity 电暴. electrical / I5lektrIkl; I`lZktrIkl/ adj of or concerned with electricity 电的; 与电有关的: electrical engineering 电机工程 * This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障. electrically / －klI; －klI/ adv: an electrically powered drill 电钻. electrician / I9lek5trIFn; I9lZk`trIFEn/ n person whosejob is to install, operate, repair, etc electrical equipment 电工: Our washing machine has broken; I'll ring the electrician. 我们的洗衣机坏了, 我得给电工打电话. * We need an electrician to mend the iron. 我们要请电工修理熨斗. electricity / I9lek5trIsEtI; I9lZk`trIsEtI/ n [U] 1 form of energy occurring in certain particles (electrons and protons) and hence in larger bodies, since they contain these 电. 2 supply of such energy in the form of electric current for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc 电流: Don't leave the lights on it wastes electricity. 走时要随手关灯－－以免浪费电. * When did the village first get electricity? 这个村何时通的电? 3 branch of science concerned with the study of this form of energy 电学. electrify / I5lektrIfaI; I`lZktrE9faI/ v (pt, pp －fied) [Tn] 1 charge (sth) with electricity 给（某物）充电. 2 convert (a railway, etc) to the use of electric power 使（铁路等）改用电力; 使电气化. 3 (fig 比喻) stimulate (sb) as if by electricity; excite suddenly; startle 犹如以电刺激（某人）; 使突然兴奋; 使吃惊: the athlete's electrifying burst of speed 运动员惊人的爆发速度. electrification / I9lektrIfI5keIFn; I9lZktrEfE`keFEn/ n [U] conversion to electricity 电气化: the electrification of the railways, ie from steam to electricity 铁路的电气化. electrocardiogram / I9lektrEU5kB:dIEUgrAm; I`lZktro`kBrdIE9^rAm/ n (abbr 缩写 ECG) (medical 医) record of sb's heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph, used in the diagnosis of heart disease 心电图. electrocardiograph / 9IlektrEU5kB:dIEUgrB:f; ?@ －grAf; I`lZktro`kBrdIE9^rAf/ n (medical 医) instrument that detects and records the electric activity in the muscles of the heart 心电图仪. electrochemistry / I9lektrEU5kemIstrI; I9lZktro`kZmIstrI/ n [U] application of electricity to chemical processes 电化学. electrocute / I5lektrEkju:t; I`lZktrE9kjut/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] kill (a person or an animal) by means of an electric current 电死（人或动物）; 以电刑处死. electrocution / I9lektrE5kju:Fn; I9lZktrE`kjuFEn/ n [U]. electrode / I5lektrEUd; I`lZktrod/ n (often pl 常作复数) either of two solid conductors by which an electric current enters or leaves a battery, etc; terminal 电极. Cf 参看 anode, cathode. electroencephalograph / I9lektrEUen5sefElE9grB:f; ?@ －grAf; I9lZktroZn`sZfElE9^rAf/ n instrument for detecting and recording the electric current produced by the activity of the brain 脑电图仪. electroencephalogram / I9lektrEUen5sefElE－grAm; I9lZktroZn`sZfElE9^rAm/ n (abbr 缩写 EEG) pattern traced by an electroencephalograph 脑电图. electrolysis / 9Ilek5trClEsIs; I9lZk`trBlEsIs/ n [U] 1 separation of a substance into its chemical parts by an electric current 电解. 2 destruction of hair roots, tumours, etc by an electric current (for cosmetic or surgical reasons) 用电针除去发根、 肿瘤等. electrolyte / I5lektrElaIt; I`lZktrE9laIt/ n [C, U] (substance that can dissolve to produce a) solution able to conduct electric current, esp in an electric cell or battery 电解液; 电解质. electromagnet / I9lektrEU5mAgnIt; I9lZktro`mA^nIt/ n (physics 物) piece of soft metal that becomes magnetic when an electric current is passed through the coil surrounding it 电磁铁; 电磁体. electromagnetic / I9lektrEUmAg5netIk; I`lZktromA^`nZtIk/ adj (physics 物) having both electrical and magnetic properties 电磁的: electromagnetic waves, eg X－rays, radio－waves, light waves 电磁波（如X射线、 无线电波、 光波）. electromagnetism n [U]. electron / I5lektrCn; I`lZktrBn/ n [C] (physics 物) minute particle of matter with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms 电子. Cf 参看 neutron, positron, proton. electronic / 9Ilek5trCnIk; I9lZk`trBnIk/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (a) produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的: an electronic calculator 电子计算器. (b) concerned with electronic apparatus (eg computers) 与电子装置有关的（如计算机）: This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本. * electronic music, ie produced by manipulating natural or artificial sounds with electronic equipment 电子音乐. 2 of or concerned with electrons or electronics 电子的; 电子学的; 关於电子的; 关於电子学的: an electronic engineer 电子工程师. electronically / －klI; －klI/ adv: process data electronically, ie using a computer 用电子计算机处理数据. ,electronic `mail (also email, e－mail) sending text, diagrams, etc by means of computers linked to a telecommunication network 电子邮递（用计算机网络发送电文、 图象等）. electronic mailbox device for receiving and storing electronic mail 接受、 储存电子邮递的装置. electronics n [sing v] 1 branch of science and technology that deals with the behaviour of electrons电子学. 2 application of this, esp in developing equipment 电子学的应用: He's an expert in electronics. 他是电子应用专家. * [attrib 作定语] the electronics industry 电子工业. electron microscope very powerful microscope that uses beams of electrons instead of light rays 电子显微镜. electron / I5lektrCn; I`lZktrBn/ n [C] (physics 物) minute particle of matter with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms 电子. Cf 参看 neutron, positron, proton. electroplate / I5lektrEpleIt; I`lZktrE9plet/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cover (sth) with a thin layer of metal, usu silver, by electrolysis 电镀: electroplated spoons 电镀的杓. elegant / 5elIgEnt; `ZlE^Ent/ adj tasteful and stylish in appearance or manner （相貌或仪态）优雅的, 文雅的, 高雅的: an elegant woman, coat, style of writing 文雅的女人、 高雅的外衣、 优美的写作风格 * elegant manners 优雅的仪态. elegance / 5elIgEns; `ZlE^Ens/ n [U]. elegantly adv: He always dresses elegantly. 他总是穿得很讲究. elegiac / 9elI5dVaIEk; 9ZlE`dVaIEk/ adj 1 (of poetic metre) suitable for elegies （指诗歌韵律）适於挽歌的: elegiac couplets 挽歌对句. 2 (fml 文) mournful; expressing sorrow 哀悼的; 表示悲伤的: Her poetry has an elegiac quality. 她的诗有伤感的情调. elegy / 5elEdVI; `ZlEdVI/ n poem or song expressing sorrow, esp for the dead; lament 挽歌; 哀歌; 挽诗. element / 5elImEnt; `ZlEmEnt/ n 1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) necessary or characteristic part of sth 要素; 特色: Justice is an important element of good government. 公正是仁政的要素. * What a sensational story! It has all the elements of a soap opera. 多麽耸人听闻的事! 具备连续剧的一切要素. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ of sth small amount of sth; suggestion or trace of sth 某事物的少量; 某事物的启示或痕迹: There's an element of truth in his story. 他说的有些道理. * There's always an element of danger in mountain climbing. 登山总是有些危险的. 3 [C] (chemistry 化) any of about 100 substances which cannot be split by ordinary chemical methods into simpler substances 元素: Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的. Cf 参看 compound1 1, mixture 3. 4 [C] (according to ancient and medieval philosophers) any of the four substances, earth, air, fire and water, from which the universe was believed to be composed 要素（据古代和中世纪哲学家的观点, 认为构成宇宙的土、 空气、 火、 水四种物质其中之一）. 5 the elements [pl] (fml 文) forces of nature, the weather, etc (esp bad weather) 自然力, 天气等（尤指坏天气）: exposed to (the fury of) the elements 经受风吹雨打. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] natural or suitable environment or habitat 自然的或合适的环境或栖息地: Water is a fish's natural element. 水是鱼的自然栖息地. 7 elements [pl] basic principles of a subject being studied; parts that must be learnt first （学科的）基本原则; 原理; 基础: You must understand the elements of mathematics before we can proceed further. 你必须先弄懂数学基础知识, 我们才能进一步学习. 8 [C] part of an electric kettle, etc that gives out heat 电阻丝（电　等供热的部分）: This heater needs a new element. 这个加热器需要一组新电阻丝. 9 (idm 习语) in/out of one's `element in/not in one's accustomed or preferred surroundings; doing/not doing what one is good at and enjoys 在[不在]某人习惯或喜欢的环境中; 做[不做]某人擅长和喜欢的事: I'm out of my element in political discussions. 我不喜欢参加政治讨论. * The children are really in their element playing on the beach. 孩子们在沙滩上嬉戏真是乐得其所. elemental / 9elI5mentl; 9ZlE`mZntl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 (fml 文) powerful; uncontrolled; like the forces of nature 强劲的; 失去控制的; 似自然力的: the elemental fury of the storm 暴风雨的肆虐. 2 basic 基本的: an elemental truth 基本事实. elementary / 9elI5mentrI; 9ZlE`mZntErI/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) of or in the beginning stages (of a course of study) （一门课程的）入门阶段的, 初级的: an elementary class 初级班. (b) dealing with the simplest facts (of a subject); basic （一科目）基础的, 基本的: elementary mathematics 基础数学. 2 easy to solve or answer 容易解决的; 容易回答的: The questions were so elementary that he easily passed the test. 问题很好答, 他轻而易举就及格了. elementary particle (physics 物) any of the subatomic particles thought not to consist of smaller particles 基本粒子. elephant / 5elIfEnt; `ZlEfEnt/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elephants) 1 largest four－footed animal now living, with two curved ivory tusks, thick skin, and a long trunk 象: a herd of elephant 象群. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) ,elephants ,never `forget (saying 谚) elephants are noted for their good memories 象不忘事（象以记忆力良好著称）. a white elephant => white. elephantine / 9elI5fAntaIn; ?@ －ti:n; 9ZlE`fAntin/ adj (derog or joc 贬或谑) large and awkward like an elephant 似象一样大而笨拙的: Their daughter is quite plump but their son is positively elephantine. 他们的女儿很胖; 可是儿子呢, 简直像大象. elephantiasis / 9elIfEn5taIEsIs; 9ZlEfEn`taIEsIs/ n [U] disease, esp of tropical countries, in which limbs become abnormally enlarged and the skin thickens 象皮病（尤见於热带国家, 患者四肢异常肿大, 皮肤增厚）. elevate / 5elIveIt; `ZlE9vet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) (fml 文) 1 lift sb/sth up; raise sb/sth to a higher place or rank 将某人[某物]举起; 将某人[某物]提到更高的地位: He's been elevated to the peerage, ie made a peer. 他已升为贵族. 2 (fig 比喻) make (the mind, morals, etc) better or more educated 使（思想、 道德等）更好; 使更有修养: The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养. elevated adj (fml 文) fine or noble 好的; 高尚的: elevated language, sentiments, thoughts 高尚的语言、 情操、 思想. elevating adj (fml or joc 文或谑) improving the mind or morals; uplifting 提高思想或道德的; 引人向上的: an elevating book, sermon 提高修养的书、 布道 * The experience wasn't terribly elevating. 这种事不太有教益吧. elevated railway (US elevated railroad) (esp US) railway built on piers (usu above the streets, etc of a town) 高架铁路. elevation / 9elI5veIFn; 9ZlE`veFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) elevating or being elevated 提高; 被提高: elevation to the peerage 升为贵族. 2 [U] (fml 文) nobility or dignity 高尚; 高贵; 尊贵: elevation of language, style, thought 语言、 风格、 思想的高尚. 3 [C] (a) height (of a place), esp above sea－level （某地方的）高度（尤指海拔）: The city is at an elevation of 2000 metres. 这座城市海拔2000米. (b) (fml 文) hill or high place 小山; 高地: a small elevation of the ground 地面上的小隆起处. 4 [C] (architect's plan or drawing of) one side of a building (drawn to scale) （按比例绘制的）建筑物的正视图; 立视图: the front/rear/side elevation of a house 一座房子的正面[後面/侧面]立视图. 5 [C] angle that the direction of sth (esp a gun or planet) makes with the horizontal （尤指炮或行星的）仰角: The gun has an elevation of 45 degrees. 这门炮的仰角为45度. elevator / 5elIveItE(r); `ZlE9vetL/ n 1 (US) = lift. 2 one of two movable parts in the tail of an aircraft that are used to make it climb or dive （飞行器的）升降舵. 3 tall storehouse for grain 高大的谷物仓库. 4 machine like a continuous belt with buckets at intervals, used for raising grain, goods, etc 斗式皮带输送机（用於向高处输送粮食、 货物等）. eleven / I5levn; I`lZvEn/ pron, det 11; one more than ten 11, 十一（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. eleven n 1 the number 11 十一. 2 team of eleven players for football, hockey or cricket 十一个人组成的足球、 曲棍球、 板球队. eleven－ (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eleven of the thing specified 有十一个...的: an eleven－mile walk. eleventh / I5levnW; I`lZvEnW/ pron, det 11th; next after tenth 第11, 第十一（个）. n one of eleven equal parts of sth 十一分之一. eleven－plus n [sing] (Brit) (esp formerly) examination taken at the age of eleven, to decide which type of secondary school a child should go to （尤指旧时）十一岁少年中学入学试（以决定升入中等学校的种类）. For the uses of eleven and eleventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eleven和eleventh的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. elevenses / I5levnzIz; I`lZvEnzIz/ n [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (Brit infml 口) snack and/or drink taken at about eleven o'clock in the morning 午前茶点（上午十一时左右吃的点心和[或]喝的饮料）. elf / elf; Zlf/ n (pl elves / elvz; Zlvz/) type of small fairy; mischievous little creature 小精灵、 小妖精、 小淘气. elfin / 5elfIn; `ZlfIn/ adj of or like an elf 小精灵的; 似小妖精的: elfin music 小精灵的乐曲 * She has elfin features. 她貌似小精灵. elfish / 5elfIF; `ZlfIF/ (also elvish) adj mischievous 调皮的; 顽皮的: an elfish smile 调皮的微笑. elicit / I5lIsIt; I`lIsIt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) (fml 文) draw (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficulty 从某人处诱出, 探出（事实、 反应等）: elicit a reply 诱出答案 * At last we've elicited the truth from him. 我们终於从他那里探得真相. elide / I5laId; I`laId/ v [Tn] leave out the sound of (part of a word) when pronouncing it 读音时省略（词的部分）读音: The `t' in `postman' may be elided. postman中的t可以省略不读. Cf 参看 elision. eligible / 5elIdVEbl; `ZlIdVEbl/ adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) suitable or fit to be chosen; having the right or proper qualifications 适宜被选中的; 有恰当资格的; 合格的: eligible for a pension, a job, an award 有资格领取养老金、 得到工作、 获得奖品 * eligible for promotion, membership 适宜提升、 得到会员身分 * eligible to join a club 有资格加入俱乐部 * an eligible young man, eg one who would be a satisfactory choice as a husband 合意的 年轻人（如可做佳婿者）. eligibility / 9elIdVE5bIlEtI; 9ZlIdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U]state of being eligible 适宜入选; 有资格; 合格: Her qualifications and experience confirm her eligibility for the job. 她的资历和经验决定她适宜做这项工作. eliminate / I5lImIneIt; I`lImE9net/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) 消除, 清除, 排除（尤指不必要或不需要的某人[某物]）: eliminate mistakes from one's writing 消除文字中的错误 * The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry). 警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人. * eliminate waste matter from the body 从体内排出废物. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) kill (sb) ruthlessly 干掉（某人）: The dictator had eliminated all his political opponents. 独裁者已将所有政敌干掉. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) exclude sb from further stages in a competition, through defeat, etc 淘汰某人: He was eliminated (from the contest) in the fourth round. 他在第四轮（从比赛中）被淘汰. elimination / I9lImI5neIFn; I9lImE`neFEn/ n [U]. elision / I5lIVn; I`lIVEn/ n (a) [U] leaving out of the sound of part of a word in pronunciation, as in we'll, don't and let's 读音时省略一字的部分读音（如we'll、 don't、 let's）. (b) [C] instance of this 省略部分读音. Cf 参看 elide. elite / eI5li:t; I`lit/ n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) social group considered to be the best or most important because of their power, talent, wealth, etc （由於有权力、 才能、 财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团; 精英; 尖子: the ruling, scientific elite 掌权的、 科学方面的精英 * [attrib 作定语] an elite force, regiment 精锐部队、 团. elitism / eI5li:tIzEm; e`litIzEm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (belief in a) system, leadership, etc that aims at developing an elite 旨在培养精英的体制、 领导等（的主张）; 精英主义: Many people believe that private education encourages elitism. 许多人认为私人办学可助长精英主义. elitist / －tIst; －tIst/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who believes in elitism 精英主义者. adj of the elite or elitism 精英的; 主张培养精英的: an elitist attitude to life 卓尔不群的生活态度. elixir / I5lIksE(r); I`lIksL/ n [U, C] 1 imaginary substance with which medieval scientists hoped to change metals into gold or make people live for ever （中世纪科学家希望得到的）炼金药, 长生不老药: the elixir of life 长生不老药. 2 imaginary cure for all ills （想像中的）灵丹妙药, 万灵药. Elizabethan / I9lIzE5bi:Wn; I9lIzE`biWEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558－1603) 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的（15581603）: Elizabethan drama 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的戏剧 * The Elizabethan age was a time of exploration and discovery. 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代是探索和发现的时代. Elizabethan n person who lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I 伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人: Shakespeare was an Elizabethan. 莎士比亚是伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人. elk / elk; Zlk/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elks) (Brit) (US moose) [C] one of the largest types of living deer, found in N Europe, N Asia, and N America 　罕, 驼鹿, 赤鹿（产於北欧、 亚洲北部和北美洲）. ellipse / I5lIps; I`lIps/ n regular oval 椭圆. elliptic / I5lIptIk; I`lIptIk/, elliptical / I5lIptIkl; I`liptIkl/ adjs shaped like an ellipse 似椭圆的. ellipsis / I5lIpsIs; I`lIpsIs/ n (pl －pses / －psi:z; －psiz/) [C, U] (grammar) (instance of) leaving out a word or words from (the grammatical structure of) a sentence when the meaning can be understood without it/them 省略（指语法结构中的词语省略而不影响原意者）: The sentence `He is dead and I alive' contains an ellipsis, ie of the word `am'. 在He is dead and I alive一句中有一处省略, 即am这个词. =>App 3 见附录3. elliptical / I5lIptIkl; I`lIptIkl/ adj containing ellipsis 省略的: an elliptical style of writing, ie one that implies more than is actually said （意在言外的）省略的文风. elliptically / －klI; －klI/ adj. elm / elm; Zlm/ n [C] (also `elm tree) 1 tall deciduous tree with broad rough－edged leaves 榆树: [attrib 作定语] an elm forest 榆树林. 2 [U] its hard heavy wood 榆木: This bench is made of elm. 这条长凳是榆木制的. elocution / 9elE5kju:Fn; 9ZlE`kjuFEn/ n [U] art or style of speaking clearly and effectively, esp in public 演说的艺术或风格: [attrib 作定语] elocution lessons 演说艺术课. elocutionary / －EnErI; ?@ －EnerI; －EnZrI/ adj of elocution 演讲艺术的. elocutionist / －FEnIst; －FEnIst/ n person who teaches or is an expert in elocution 演说术教师; 演讲艺术家. elongate / 5i:lCNgeIt; ?@ I5lR:N－; I`lRN^et/ v [Tn] make (sth) longer 使（某物）更长; 伸长; 拉长. elongated / 5i:lCNgeItId; ?@ I5lR:N－; I`lRN^etId/ adj (made) long and thin; stretched out （被拉得）细长的; 伸长的: elongated figures in a painting 画中的细长的人. elongation / 9i:lCN5geIFn; ?@ －lR:N－; 9ilRN`^eFEn/ n (a) [U]making or becoming longer 拉长; 伸长; 延长. (b) [C] thing that has been made longer (esp a line in a drawing, etc) 被拉长之物（尤指绘图中的线等）. elope / I5lEUp; I`lop/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) run away with a lover, esp to get married 私奔: The young couple eloped because their parents wouldn't let them marry.这对年轻人因父母不让他们结婚而私奔了. * H eloped with one of his students. 他和他的学生私奔了. elopement n [C, U]. eloquence / 5elEkwEns; `ZlEkwEns/ n [U] (skilful use of) expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience 口才; 雄辩: The crowd were swayed by his eloquence. 他能言善辩打动了群众. eloquent / －Ent; －Ent/ adj (fml 文) having or showing eloquence 有口才的; 雄辩的: an eloquent speaker, speech 雄辩的演讲者、 讲话. eloquently adv. eloquence / 5elEkwEns; `ZlEkwEns/ n [U] (skilful use of) expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience 口才; 雄辩: The crowd were swayed by his eloquence. 他能言善辩打动了群众. else / els; Zls/ adv 1 (with indefinite, interrogative or negative prons and advs 与不定代词、 疑问代词或否定代词或副词连用) in addition to or apart from (that already mentioned) 除（已提到的）以外; 另外; 其他: Did you see anybody else, ie any other person(s)? 你见到其他人了吗? * Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的事做吗? * Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧. * That must be somebody else's (ie some other person's) coat; it isn't mine. 那一定是别人的外衣, 不是我的. * Nothing else (ie I want nothing more), thank you. 不要别的了, 谢谢你. * We went to the cinema and nowhere else, ie to no other place. 我们去电影院了, 没到其他地方去. * I've tried to phone her six times today; what else can I do? 我今天已给她打了六次电话, 都没接通, 我还能做什麽呢? * Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁? * How else (ie In what other way) would you do it? 你做这件事还有别的办法吗? * We have a bit of bread and little/not much else, ie not much more. 我们有一点面包, 没有什麽别的了. 2 (idm 习语) or else (a) otherwise; if not 否则; 要不然: Run or else you'll be late. 快跑, 不然你要迟到了. * He must be joking or else he's mad. 他准是开玩笑, 要不就是疯了. (b) (infml 口) (used to express a threat or warning 用以表示威胁或警告): Give me the money or else! 把钱给我, 不然的话, 哼! elsewhere / 9els5weE(r); ?@ －5hweEr; `Zls9hwZr/ adv in, at or to some other place 在别处; 到别处: Our favourite restaurant was full, so we had to go elsewhere. 我们喜欢的饭馆已客满, 所以我们只得到别处去. ELT / 9i: el 5ti:; 9i Zl `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (principles and practice of) English Language Teaching (to non－native speakers) （对英语并非母语的人的）英语教学（的原则和方法）. elucidate / I5lu:sIdeIt; I`lusE9det/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) clear; explain 使（某事物）清楚; 解释; 阐明: You have not understood; allow me to elucidate. 你没理解, 让我解释一下. * elucidate a problem, mystery 阐明一问题、 弄清一奥秘 * The notes helped to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text. 这些注释有助於弄清文中最难懂的部分. elucidation / I9lu:sI5deIFn; I9lusE`deFEn/ n [U] (fml 文): This requires elucidation. 此事需要解释清楚. elude / I5lu:d; I`lud/ v [Tn] 1 escape (sb/sth), esp by a trick or cleverness; avoid 躲避（某人[某事物]）（尤指用计谋或智慧）; 逃避: elude one's enemies 避开敌人 * He eluded capture for weeks by hiding underground.他为免被捕躲藏了几个星期. 2 escape the memory or understanding of (sb) （某人）不记得, 不理解: I recognize her face, but her name eludes me, ie I can't remember it. 我认得她的脸, 但想不起她的名字了. elusive / I5lu:sIv; I`lusIv/ adj (a) tending to escape or disappear; difficult to capture 逃避的; 躲避的; 难以捕捉的: a most elusive criminal 极难逮捕的罪犯. (b) difficult to remember or understand 难以记忆的; 难以理解的; 难以捉摸的: an elusive perfume 难以捉摸的香味 * an elusive word 难记的词. elver / 5elvE(r); `ZlvL/ n young eel 幼鳗. elves pl of elf. Elysium / I5lIzIEm; I`lIzIEm/ n (a) (in Greek myths) home of the blessed after death （希腊神话中的）天堂. (b) place or state of perfect happiness 极乐世界; 乐土. Elysian / I5lIzIEn; I`lIVIEn/ adj: the Elysian fields 福地. em / Em; Em/ pron (infml 口) = them: Don't let 'em get away! 别让他们跑掉! em－ => en－. emaciated / I5meIFIeItId; I`meFI9etId/ adj made thin and weak 瘦弱的; 憔悴的: very emaciated after a long illness 久病之後非常憔悴 * an emaciated child 瘦弱的孩子. => Usage at thin用法见thin. emaciation / I9meIsI5eIFn; I9mesI`eFEn/ n [U]. email (also e－mail) / 5i:meIl; `i9mel/ n [U] = electronic mail (electron). emanate / 5emEneIt; `ZmE9net/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth/sb (fml or joc 文或谑) come or flow from sth/sb 来自某物[某人]; 从某物[某人]处流出, 飘出: The idea originally emanated from his brother. 这个主意最初是他哥哥出的. * Delicious smells were emanating from the kitchen. 香味从厨房飘了出来. emanation / 9emE5neIFn;9ZmE`neFEn/ n [C, U]: The place gave off a strong emanation of evil. 这地方是罪恶的渊薮. emancipate / I5mAnsIpeIt; I`mAnsE9pet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) set sb free, esp from political, legal or social restrictions 解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、 法律或社会的束缚）: emancipate slaves 解放奴隶 * Women are still struggling to be fully emancipated, ie to be given the same rights, opportunities, etc as men. 妇女仍在为彻底解放而奋斗（以获得与男子同等的权利、 机会等）. emancipation / I9mAnsI5peIFn; I9mAnsE`peFEn/ n [U] (a) action of emancipating 解放: the emancipation of women 妇女的解放. (b) state of being emancipated 获得解放. emasculate / I5mAskjUleIt; I`mAskjE9let/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 remove the sexual organs of (a male animal); castrate 使（某雄性动物）去势; 阉割. 2 deprive (sb/sth) of force or strength; weaken 使（某人[某事物]）失去力量; 削弱: an emasculated law 被削弱了的法律. emasculation / I9mAskjU5leIFn; I9mAskjE`leFEn/ n. embalm / Im5bB:m; ?@ also －bB:lm; Im`bBm, Im`bBlm/ v [Tn] 1 preserve (a dead body) from decay by using spices or chemicals （用香料或药物）保存（尸体）: The Egyptians used to embalm the bodies of their deadkings and queens. 埃及人以前用药物保存国王和王后的尸体. 2 make (sth) fragrant 使（某物）充满香气. embalmer / Im5bB:mE(r); Im`bBmL/ n. embalmment / Im5bB:mmEnt; ?@ also －bB:lm－; Im`bBmmEnt, －bBlm－/ n [U]. embankment / Im5bANkmEnt; Im`bANkmEnt/ n wall or ridge of earth, stone, etc made to keep water back or to carry a railway or road over low ground 防水堤; 堤岸; （铁路或公路的）路堤: the Thames Embankment 泰晤士河河堤. embargo / Im5bB:gEU; Im`bBr^o/ n (pl ~es / －gEUz; －^oz/)[C, U] ~ (on sth) official order that forbids sth, esp trade, the movement of ships, etc 禁令; 禁止贸易令; 禁止船舶行驶令; 封港令等: a gold embargo, ie one that restricts or forbids the buying or selling of gold 限制或禁止黄金买卖令 * an embargo on trade with other islands 禁止与其他岛屿贸易令 * lift/raise/remove an embargo on sth, ie start trading in sth again 取消对某物的交易禁令（重新开放对某物的贸易） * place sth under (an) embargo, ie do no trade in sth 禁止对某物进行贸易. embargo v (pt, pp ~ed / －gEUd; －^od/) [Tn] 1 put an embargo on (sth) 禁止（船只）出入港口; 禁运（某物）. 2 seize (ships, goods, etc) for use by the State 徵用（船只、 货物等）. embark / Im5bB:k; Im`bBrk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for...) (cause sb/sth to) go or be taken on board a ship or an aircraft （使某人[某物]）乘船; 上船; 登机: Passengers with cars must embark first. 带汽车的乘客必须先上船. * We embarked for Calais at midday. 我们中午乘船去加来. * The ship embarked passengers and cargo at an Italian port. 这艘船在意大利一个港口载客装货. 2 (phr v) embark on sth start or engage in (esp sth new or difficult) 开始或从事（尤指新的或难的事）: embark on a long journey 开始漫长的旅行 * He embarked on a new career. 他开始从事一新事业. embarkation / 9embB:5keIFn; 9ZmbBr`keFEn/ n [C, U] action or process of embarking 乘船; 装载; 开始; 从事: the port of embarkation 登船装货港. embarrass / Im5bArEs; Im`bArEs/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (a) cause (sb) to feel self－conscious, awkward or ashamed 使（某人）觉得不自然、 忸怩、 尴尬或害羞: I was embarrassed by his comments about my clothes. 他评论我的衣服使我很尴尬. * Are you trying to embarrass me? 你是想让我难堪吗? (b) cause mental discomfort or anxiety to (sb) 使（某人）不安或焦虑: embarrassed by lack of money 因缺钱而苦恼 * financially embarrassed 拮据. embarrassing adj: an embarrassing incident, question,mistake 令人困窘的事、 问题、 错误. embarrassingly adv. embarrassment n 1 (a) [U] embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘; 局促不安; 焦急; 忧患: He suffered much embarrassment in his youth. 他年轻时饱经忧患. (b) [C] person or thing that embarrasses 令人困窘、 不安、 焦虑的人或事物: He's an embarrassment to hisfamily. 他是家中叫人为难的人. * financial embarrassments财务困难. 2 (idm 习语) an embarrassment of `riches too many good things to do, choose from, etc 好东西太多而难以处理、 难以选择等. embassy / 5embEsI; `ZmbEsI/ n 1 (official residence of an) ambassador and his staff 大使及其官员; 大使馆全体成员; 大使馆: the American embassy in London 美国驻伦敦大使馆 * He is with (ie working at) the French embassy. 他在法国大使馆工作. * [attrib 作定语] embassy officials 大使馆官员. Cf 参看 consulate 1, High Commission (high1). 2 (dated 旧) deputation sent to a foreign government 派往外国政府的代表团: send sb/go/come on an embassy (to sb) 派遣某人去[来]任赴外国政府代表团的成员（去某人处）. embattled / Im5bAtld; Zm`bAtld/ adj 1 (a) (of an army, etc) drawn up and prepared for battle （指军队等）严阵以待的; 做好战斗准备的: embattled troops 严阵以待的部队. (b) in a condition of defence; fortified against attack 处於防御状态的; 设防以抵御攻击的: the embattled city 设防的城市. 2 (of a tower or building) having battlements （指城楼或建筑物）有雉堞的. embed / Im5bed; Im`bZd/ v (－dd－) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fix sth deeply and firmly (in a surrounding mass) 将某物深而牢地固定於（周围的物体中）: stones embedded in rock 嵌在岩石中的石块 * The arrow embedded itself in the wall. 箭牢牢地扎进墙里. * (fig 比喻) The idea became embedded in his mind. 这想法在他头脑中根深蒂固. embellish / Im5belIF; Im`bZlIF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc 美化、 装饰或修饰某物: a dress embellished with lace and ribbons 有花边和饰带的连衣裙. 2 improve (a story, statement, etc) by adding often untrue details, eg to make it more interesting or amusing 渲染; 添枝加叶（如使之更有趣、 更可笑）: He often embellishes the tales of his travels. 他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶. embellishment n (a) [U] embellishing or being embellished 装饰; 渲染; 润色: the embellishment of a book, a building, a speech 对书的修饰、 建筑物的装饰、 言语的润色. (b) [C] thing that embellishes; artistic addition 装饰之物; 艺术性的增添物: a 16th－century church with 18th－century embellishments 有18世纪艺术装饰的16世纪的教堂. ember / 5embE(r); `ZmbL/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) small piece of burning or glowing wood or coal in a dying fire 余烬: Only the embers of the bonfire remained. 那篝火只有余烬尚存. * (fig 比喻) the dying embers of a former passion 昔日激情的将熄的余烬. embezzle / Im5bezl; Im`bZzl/ v [Tn] use (money placed in one's care) in a wrong way to benefit oneself 盗用, 挪用（款项）: embezzle the pension fund 挪用抚恤金 * The treasurer embezzled 2000 of the club's money. 司库盗用了俱乐部2000英镑. embezzlement n [C, U] (instance of) embezzling 盗用; 挪用: petty embezzlements 少量的盗用公款 * He was found guilty of embezzlement. 他被判盗用公款罪. embezzler / Im5bezlE(r); Im`bZzlL/ n person who embezzles 盗用者; 挪用公款者. embitter / Im5bItE(r); Im`bItL/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] fill (sb/sth) with bitter feelings 使（某人）苦恼; 使（某事物）令人苦恼: embittered by repeated failures 因屡次失败而苦恼. embitterment n [U] (fml 文). emblazon / Im5bleIzEn; Im`blezn/ (also blazon) v [Tn] decorate (sth) with heraldic or other devices 以纹章或其他方式装饰（某物）: a shield emblazoned with dragons 饰有龙纹的盾牌. emblazonment n [U]. emblem / 5emblEm; `ZmblEm/ n object that represents sth; symbol 象徵; 标志; 标记: The dove is an emblem of peace. 鸽子是和平的象徵. * The ring was important to her as an emblem of their love. 这枚戒指是他们爱情的象徵, 对她至为重要. * The thistle is the emblem of Scotland. 蓟是苏格兰的标志. emblematic / 9emblE5mAtIk; 9ZmblE`mAtIk/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) serving as an emblem; symbolic 用作象徵; 作为标志. embody / Im5bCdI; Im`bBdI/ v (pt, pp －died) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) 1 express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings, etc) 体现（想法、 感情等）; 使（想法、 感情等）具体化: To me he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher. 在我看来, 他本身体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质. 2 include or contain sth 包括或含有某物: The latest computer model embodies many new features. 最新型的计算机具备许多新功能. embodiment / Im5bCdImEnt; Im`bBdImEnt/ n person or thing that embodies sth or is embodied 体现某事物的人或物; 体现; 化身: She's the embodiment of kindness. 她是慈祥的化身. embolden / Im5bEUldEn; Im`boldn/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Cn.t] (dated or fml 旧或文) give courage or confidence to (sb) 给（某人）勇气或信心; 给（某人）壮胆; 鼓励: emboldened by drink 饮酒後壮了胆的 * His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务. embolism / 5embElIzEm; `ZmbE9lIzEm/ n (medical 医) blockage of an artery or a vein caused by a clot of blood, an air－bubble, etc 栓塞. emboss / Im5bCs; ?@ －5bR:s; Im`bRs/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A with B/~ B on A decorate (the surface of sth) with a raised design; create (a raised design) on the surface of sth 在（某物的表面）装饰隆起的图案; 在某物表面制出（隆起的图案）: an address embossed on notepaper 凸印在信纸上的地址 * embossed stationery 有压印浮雕花的信笺 * a leather briefcase embossed with one's initials 饰有浮凸的姓名首字母的皮公事包. embrasure / Im5breIVE(r); Im`breVL/ n [C] (a) opening for a door or window, wider on the inside than the outside, in an interior wall, esp of an old castle 斜面墙（内宽外窄的门窗的开口）（尤指古城堡的）. (b) similar opening in a castle, fort, etc for shooting through （城堡、 要塞等的）炮眼, 枪眼, 射击孔. embrocation / 9embrE5keIFn; 9ZmbrE`keFEn/ n [U] liquid for rubbing on the body to ease muscular aches, stiffness, etc; liniment （缓解肌肉疼痛、 僵硬等的）搽剂; 涂抹油: A bit of embrocation will soothe your bruised knee. 用一点搽剂可使你那青肿的膝部消肿. embroider / Im5brRIdE(r); Im`brRIdL/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on B)/~ B (with A) decorate (cloth) with needlework （在布上）刺绣: She embroiders very well. 她很会刺绣. * She embroidered flowers on the cushion (in gold thread). 她（用金线）在垫子上绣花. * She embroidered the cushion with flowers. 她把垫子绣上了花. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) add untrue details to (a story, etc) to make it more interesting （给故事等）添枝加叶: embroider the truth, the tale, the facts, etc 对真相、 故事、 事实等添油加醋地渲染. embroidery / －dErI; －dErI/ n [U] 1 decoration with needlework 刺绣: a beautiful piece of embroidery 一件美丽的刺绣制品 * He's good at embroidery. 他擅长刺绣. 2 (fig 比喻) untrue details added for effect （为增强效果而加的）虚构细节: A little embroidery made the story quite entertaining. 增加了一点虚构细节使得故事相当有趣. embroil / Im5brRIl; Im`brRIl/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) get sb/oneself involved (in a quarrel or difficult situation) 使某人[自己]卷入（争吵或困境中）: I don't want to become embroiled in their arguments. 我不想卷入他们的争论中. * They are embroiled in a war against their will. 他们违背自己的意愿卷入一场战争之中. embryo / 5embrIEU; `ZmbrI9o/ n (pl ~s / －EUz; －oz/) 1 (a) young animal or plant in the early stages of its development before birth (or before coming out of its egg or seed) 胚; 胚胎; 萌芽时期: an aborted embryo 流产的胚胎. Cf 参看 foetus. (b) (fig 比喻) plan, scheme, etc in its very early stages 初步的计划、 方案等: an embryo of an idea 一个想法的雏形 * [attrib 作定语] The project is still at the embryo stage. 这个计划仍在酝酿阶段. 2 (idm 习语) in embryo existing but undeveloped 已存在但尚未发展的: My plans are still very much in embryo. 我的计划在很大程度上仍在酝酿中. embryology / 9embrI5ClEdVI; 9ZmbrI`BlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of the formation and development of embryos 胚胎学. embryologist n/ 9embrI5ClEdVIst;9ZmbrI`BlEdVIst/ expert in this 胚胎学家. embryonic / 9embrI5CnIk; 9ZmbrI`BnIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in an early stage of development 在发育的最初阶段的; 胚胎的: an embryonic foetus 刚刚发育的胎儿 * (fig 比喻) The scheme is still in its embryonic stage. 此方案仍在酝酿阶段. emcee / 9em5si:; 9Zm`si/ n (infml 口) master of ceremonies; compere 司仪; （节目的）主持人: Who was (the) emcee of the show last night? 谁是昨晚节目的主持人? Cf 参看 MC 1. emcee v (pt, pp emceed) [I, Tn] act as master of ceremonies for (an eve