（汉英）桥梁术语

桥位地形图 topography map of bridge site 桥位地质剖面图 geologic section drawing of bridge site 水文资料 hydrologic data 气象资料 meteorologic data 水力计算 hydraulic computation 设计流速 design current velocity 河床比降 river bed gradient 糙率 coefficient of roughness 洪水流量 flood discharge 设计流量 design discharge 设计洪水频率 design flood frequency 汇水面积 catchment area 过水断面 waterway section 暴雨强度 rainstorm intensity 河床 river bed 最高水位 highest water lever, HWL 最低水位 lowest water lever, LWL 常水位 ordinary water lever, OWL 枯水位 design water lever 通航水位 nevigable water lever, NWL 桥前壅水 back water in front of the bridge 河槽天然冲刷 natural scour of water 桥下一般冲刷  general scour of bridge opening 桥墩局部冲刷 local scour around pier 冲刷系数 coefficient of scouring 漂浮物 drifter 调治构造物 regulating structure 河堤 levec 河床铺砌 river bed paving 锥坡 conical slope 淤积 silting 桥位选择 bridge site slection 桥梁标准设计 standard design of bridge 主桥 main bridge 引桥 approach bridge 桥梁全长 total length of bridge 跨径 span 桥梁建筑高度 construction height of bridge 桥梁高度 hight of bridge 容许建筑高度 allowable construction height of bridge 宽跨比 wide－span ratio 高跨比 depth－span ratio 剪跨比 shear－span ratio 桥面净空 clearance above bridge deck 桥下净空 clearance underspan 通航净空 navigable clearance 矢高 rise of arc 矢跨比 rise－span ratio 桥面纵坡  deck profile grade 桥面横坡  deck transverse grade 斜交角 skew angle 基础埋置深度 embedment depth of foundation 桥梁工程 bridge engineering 桥 bridge 公路桥 highway bridge 铁路桥 railway bridge 公铁两用桥 bi－purposed bridge 人行天桥 pedestrian overcrossing 过人地道 passenger passway 跨河桥 river－crossing bridge 跨线桥 flyover ,overpass bridge 互通式立体交叉 interchange 高架桥 viaduct , trestle 上承式桥 deck bridge 中承式桥 half－through bridge 下承式桥 through bridge 正交桥 right bridge 斜交桥 skew bridge 弯桥 curved bridge 坡桥 bridge on slope 匝道桥 ramp bridge 危桥 bridge in danger 特大桥 grand bridge 大桥 grate bridge 中桥 medium bridge 小桥 small bridge 涵洞 culvert 漫水桥 submersiber bride 施工便桥 temporary bridge for constrction 梁式桥 beam  bridge,  girder  bridge 拱式桥 arch  bridge 刚架桥 rigid  frame  bridge 斜拉桥 cable  stayed  bridge 吊桥 suspension  bridge 组合结构桥 combined  structural  bridge 钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced  concrete  bridge 预应力钢筋混凝土桥  prestressed  concrete  bridge 钢管混凝土桥 steel pipe－encased concrete bridge 钢桥 steel  bridge 木桥 timber  bridge, wooden  bridge 圬工桥 masonry  bridge 简支梁桥 simple－supported  beam  bridge 连续梁桥 continuous  beam  bridge 悬臂梁桥 cantilever  beam  bridge 桁架拱桥 trussed  arch  bridge 刚架拱桥 rigid－framed  arch  bridge 系杆拱桥 bowstring arch bridge ,tied arch bridge 石拱桥 stone arch bridge T型梁桥 T－beam  bridge 箱型梁桥 box－girder  bridge 组合梁桥 composite beam bridge 空腹拱桥 open spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥 filled spandrel arch bridge 无铰拱桥 hingless arch bridge 三铰拱桥 three－hinged arch bridge 两铰拱桥 two－hinged arch bridge 单铰拱桥 single－hinged arch bridge 拱桥 continuous arch bridge 双曲拱桥 two－way curved arch bridge 肋拱桥 ribbed arch bridge 板拱桥 slab arch bridge 箱形拱桥 box－ribbed arch bridge T形钢构桥 T－shaped rigid frame bridge 斜腿刚构桥 slant legged rigid frame bridge 混凝土斜拉桥 concrete deck cable stayed bridge 钢斜拉桥 steel deck cable stayed bridge 双面索斜拉桥 double plane cable stayed bridge 单面索斜拉桥 singe plane cable stayed bridge 浮桥 floating bridge 开启桥 movable bridge 上部结构 superstructure 主梁 main beam, main girder 拱梁 arch beam 箱型梁 box girder I型梁 I－shaped beam T型梁 T－shaped beam ∏型梁 ∏－shaped beam 矩形梁 rectangular beam 空心板 hollow slab 实心板 filled slab 挂梁 suspended beam 桥面板 deck slab 组合梁 composite beam 微弯板 slight bending slab 肋腋板 slab with haunched ribs 单向板 one－way slab 双向板 two－way slab 悬臂板 cantilever slab 桥面系 bridge deck system 桥面连续构造 continuous slab－deck structure 桥面排水系统 deck drainage system 桥面铺装 deck pavement 桥面伸缩装置 deck expansion installation 人行道 pavement, sidewake 栏杆 railing 护栏 parapet 索塔 cable support tower 索鞍 cable saddle 斜索 stayed cable 锚索 anchor cable 吊杆 suspender 系杆 tie 锚跨 anchor span 锚锭 anchorage 过渡孔 transitional span 顶板 top slab 底板 bottom slab 腹板 web 主筋 main bar 箍筋 ties 斜筋 diagonal reinforcement 架立钢筋 erection bar 分布钢筋 distribution reinforcement 加强钢筋 reinforced bar 牛腿 bracket 剪力铰 sheering hinge 定位钢筋 alignment bar 拱圈 arch ring 拱顶 arch crown 拱座 arch support 护拱 back launching fillet of arch 拱上建筑 spandrel structure 腹拱 spandrel arch 拱波 two way curved arch tile 拱板 arch slab 拱肋 arch rib 桥头引道 bridge approach 桥头搭板 bridge end transition slab 下部结构 substructure 桥墩 pier 桥台 abutment 基础 bridge foundation 盖梁 bent cap 耳墙 wing wall 翼墙 wing wall 单向推力墩 single thrust pier 辅助墩 auxiliary pier 防震挡块 anti－knock block（restrain block） 破冰体 ice apron U形桥台 U形桥台 埋置式桥台 buried abutment 组合式桥台 composite abutment 扩大基础 spread foundation 沉井基础 open casson foundation 桩基础 pile foundation 承台 bearing platform（foundation slab） 高桩承台 elevated pile footing 低桩承台 pile footing 摩擦桩 friction pile 嵌岩桩 socketed pile（bearing pile） 支座 bearing 板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing 盆式橡胶支座 potted rubber bearing 设计荷载 design load 永久荷载 permanent load 可变荷载 variable load 偶然荷载 accidental load 开裂荷载 cracking load 破坏荷载 failure load 均布荷载 distributed load（uniform load） 风荷载 wind  load 地震荷载 earthquake load（seismic force） 离心力 centrifugal load 冲击力 impact force 制动力 braking force 撞击力 collision force 拱推力 arch thrust 荷载组合 loading combinations 桥梁极限状态设计 limit state design of bridge 地震的基本烈度 basic earthquake intensity 静定桥梁结构 statically determinate bridge structure 超静定桥梁结构 statically indeterminate bridge structure 结构体系转换 structure system transform 冲击系数 impact factor 容许应力 allowable stress 极限应力 ultimate stress 刚度 rigidity stiffness 疲劳 fatigue 位移 displacement 力矩 bending moment 剪力 shear 剪力滞效应 shear lag effect 影响线 influence line 荷载横向分布 transverse distribution of load 杠杆原理法 lever principle 偏心压力心 eccentric compression 铰接板梁法 hinge connected beam method 刚接板梁法 rigid connected beam method G－－－－M法 Guyon－Massonet method 翘曲 warp 颤振 flutter 弛振 galloping 抖振 buffeting 连拱作用 continuous arch method 桥梁CAD computer  Aided  Design  for  bridge 预应力度 degree  of  prestress 体内预应力 prestress  with  bond 体外预应力 external  prestress 预应力损失 loss  of  prestress 锚具 anchorage  device 桩基计算m值法 design of pile foundation  by m—method 缆索吊装施工法 erection  with  cable  way 悬臂施工法 cast－in－place  cantilever  method 逐跨施工法 span  by  span  construction 顶推施工法 incremental  launching  method 拱架 scaffolding 混凝土泵送 concrete  by  pumping 预拱度 precamber 先张法 pretension  method 后张法 post—tension  method 封锚 sealing ?Coff  and  covering  anchorage 泥浆护壁钻孔法 slurry  hole—boring  method 围堰 cofferdam 合拢 close  up  of  bridge  structure 索力控制 cable  force  control 桥梁结构安装控制 bridge  structural  erection  control 桥梁管理系统 bridge  management  system 桥梁技术档案 bridge  technical  file 桥梁加固 bridge  strengthening 桥梁水毁 bridge  disaster  by  flood 桥梁墩台防撞 collision  prevention of pier and abutment 盖板涵 slab  culvert 圆管涵 pipe  culvert 拱涵 arch  culvert 箱涵 box  culvert 倒虹吸涵 inverted  siphon  culvert 涵洞进水口 culvert  inlet 涵洞出水口 culvert  outlet 渡槽 aqueduct 通道 channel 隧道工程 tunnel  engineering 隧道 tunnel 洞门 tunnel  portal 洞身 tunnel  trunk 隧道净空 clearance  of  tunnel 围岩 surrounding  rock 围岩自承能力 surrounding  rock  selfsupporting capacity 掘进方法 tunnel  boring  method 竖井 shaft 新澳法 New  Austrian  tunneling  method 矿山法 mining   method 衬砌 tunnel  lining 支撑 temporary  support 喷锚支护 shot  concrete  and  rock  bolt  support 隧道通风 tunnel  ventilation 隧道报警装置 tunnel  warning  installation 隧道瓦斯爆炸 gas  explosion  in  tunnel 过隧道经历时间 duration  of tunnel  passage 隧道防水 tunnel  water  proofing 围岩稳定 stability  of  surrounding  rock 盾构 tunnel  shield 水底隧道 subaqueous  tunnel 特长隧道 super  long  tunnel 长隧道 long  tunnel 中长隧道 medium  tunnel 短隧道 short  tunnel 渡口 ferry 汽车轮渡 track  ferry 码头 wharf 码头引道 approach   to  ferry 码头引桥 bridge  approach  to  ferry 门桥 portal  frame 防撞垫 bumper 跳板 gangboard 渡口管理所 ferry  bridge 异型桥梁 abnormal  bridge 桥梁结构承载能力鉴定 test  of  load  carrying  capacity  of  bridge 静动载试验 static and dynamic load testing