（汉英）GB-T 50095-95 水文术语和符号标准

水 water 水圈 hydrosphere 水体 water body 水科学 water science 水文学 hydrology 陆地水文学 land hydrology 应用水文学 applied hydrology 工程水文学 engineering hydrology 地表水 surface water 地下水 groundwater 水汽 water vapour 水文要素 hydrologic elements 降水 precipitation 雨季 rainy season 雪 snow 积雪 snow cover 初雪 first snow 终雪 latest snow 融雪 snowmelt 冰雹 hail 截留 interception 填洼 depression detention 地面滞留 surface detention 陆面蒸发 evaporation of land 水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil 散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration 蒸发能力 evaporation capability 下渗（入渗） infiltration 稳渗 steady infiltration 下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流 river runoff 降雨径流 rainfall runoff 暴雨径流 storm runoff 融雪径流 snowmelt runoff 枯季径流 dry season runoff 基流 base flow 洪水 flood 阴塞高压 blocking high 低空急流 low－level jet 低涡 vortex 反气旋（高压） anticyclone 气旋（低压） cyclone 热带气旋 tropic cyclone 热带低压 tropic depression 热带风暴 tropic storm 强热带风暴 severe tropic storm 台风 typhoon 气团 air mass 锋（锋面） front 天气 weather 气象 meteorology 气候 climate 气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone 气候变化 climatic change 小气候 microclimate 热带 tropic zone 副热带（亚热带） subtropic zone 比湿 specific humidity 风 wind 风向 wind direction 风速 wind speed 蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale 露 dew 露点 dew point 雾 fog 霜 frost 霜点 frost point 初霜 first frost 终霜 latest frost 霜冻 frostbite 无霜期 frost－free period 流域 watershed (basin) 流域面积（集水面积） drainage area 闭合流域 enclosed basin 不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin 闭流区（内流区） bling drainage area 分水线（分水岭） divide 流域特征 basin characteristics 流域几何特征 basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生） resurgence 常年河 perennial stream 间歇河 intermittent stream 悬河（地上河） elevated stream 夺流河（断头河） captured river 盈水河 gaining stream 亏水河 losing stream 暴洪河流 flashy stream 地下暗河（地下河） underground river 界河 boundary river 国际河流 international river 废河道（古河道） dead river 岸 bank 左岸 left bank 右岸 right bank 凹岸 concave bank 凸岸 convex bank 岸壁 land wall 水边线（岸线） water line 堤防 levee 河长 river length 河弯 river bend 弯曲率 tortuosity 航道 navigable channel 河段 reach 上游 upstream 潜洲 submerged bar 深潭 deep pool 水利学 hydraulics 明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics 水静力学 hydrostatics 水动力学 hydrodynamics 明渠水流 open channel flow 恒定流 steady flow 非恒定流 unsteady flow 均匀流（等速流） uniform flow 非均匀流（变速流） non－uniform flow 急流 supercritical flow 缓流 subcritical flow 异重流 density current 临界流 critical flow 临界水深 critical depth 临界流速 critical velocity 临界流量 critical discharge 水头 head 位置水头（位能） elevation head 低强水头（压能） pressure head 流速水头（动能） velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number 韦伯数 Weber number 水力因素 hydraulic factor 湿周 wetted perimeter 水力半径 hydraulic radius 宽深比 width－depth ratio 中泓线 midstream of channel 深泓线 Thatweg 落差 fall 瀑布 waterfall 波浪 wave 驻波 standing wave 移动波 translation wave 河流动力学 river dynamics 河流泥沙 river sediment 泥沙特征 property of sediment 土壤侵蚀 soil erosion 水力侵蚀 water erosion 山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域侵蚀 basin erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids 离子含量 ion concentration 离子总量 total ion concentration 离子流量 ion discharge 矿化度 mineral content 盐度 salinity PH值 ph value 碱度 alkalinity 酸度 acidity 酸雨 acid rain 电导率 electric conductivity 混浊度（浊度） turbidity 总需氧量 total oxygen demand 溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 需氧量 oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 硬度 hardness 非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non－carbonate hardness 硬水 hard water 浮冰 floating ice 锚冰 anchor ice 封冻期 freeze－up period 封冻（封河） freeze－up 平封 flat freeze－up 立封 upright freeze－up 冰盖 ice cover 连底冻 grounded ice cover 冰丘 ice mound 封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－up 清沟 lead 初生清沟 primary lead 再生清沟 secondary lead 冰花路毡 sludge road felt 冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice 冰脊 ice ridge 冰缝 crack 悬冰 suspended ice cover 冰堆 ice pack 冰塞 ice jam 冰上结冰 aufeis 解冻期 break－up period 冰变色 color change of ice cover 冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force 天文潮 astronomic tide 气象潮 metorologic tide 潮汐周期 tidal cycle 半日潮 semidiurnal tide 全日潮 diurnal tide 混合潮 mixed tide 大潮 spring tide 小潮 neap tide 中潮 moderate tide 太阴月 lunar day 潮期 duration of tide 涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current 涨潮流 flood tidal current 落潮流 ebb tidal current 憩流 slack tide 潮流速 tidal velocity 往复流 reversing current 旋转流 rotary current 潮流期 duration of tidal current 涨潮流历时 duration of flood current 地下水径流 groundwater runoff 地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度） hydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水等水位线图 water－table contour map 含水层 aquifer 含水岩系 water－content rock series 含水岩组 water－content rock formation 含水岩性 water－content rock property 含水介质 water－hearing medium 均匀介质 homogeneous medium 非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium 含水层边界 aquifer boundary 透水边界 permeable boundary 隔水边界 confining boundary 弱透水边界 acquitted boundary 透水层 permeable bed 隔水层 confining bed 弱透水层 acquitter 水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient 导水系数(释水系数） coefficient of transmissivity 贮水系数 storativity 水位传导系数（水力扩散系数） coefficient of water table conductivity 压力传导系数 coefficient of pressure conductivity 持水度 water－holding capacity 土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants 土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture 凋萎系数 wilting coefficient 田间持水量 field capacity 毛管断裂含水量 moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量 maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法 zero flux plane method 潜水 phreatic water 降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge 降水入渗补给系数 coefficient of precipitation recharge 地表水补给 surface water recharge 凝结水补给 condensation recharge 侧向补给 lateral recharge 越流补给 leakage recharge 灌溉补给系数 irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater 潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation 潜水蒸发临界深度 critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位 phreatic water level 潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度 thickness of phreatic water aquifer 内流湖 endorheic lake 淡水湖 fresh lake 咸水湖 salt lake 盐湖 saline lake 季节性湖泊 seasonal lake 富营养湖泊 eutrophic lake 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake 湖流 lake current 梯度流 gradient current 漂流 current of friction 湖浪 lake wave 湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche 湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation 湖泊资源 lake resources 湖泊率 lake ratio 湖泊补给系数 recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期 lake residence period 湖盆 lake basin 湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulosity 湖泊分层 lake layering 正温层 direct thermal stratification 逆温层 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） main level mire 中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） medium level mire 沼泽水文 mire hydrology 沼泽水量平衡 water balance of mire 沼泽水 mire water 沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation 沼泽径流 mire runoff 沼泽表面流 surface flow of mire 沼泽表层流 surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性 moisture property of mire 沼泽持水性 water retention of mire 沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire 沼泽率 mire ratio 冰川 glacier 山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier 宽尾冰川 broad－tail glacier 冰斗冰川 cirque glacier 悬冰川 hanging glacier 贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field 冰川平衡线 equilibrium line of glacier 委托观测 entrust gauging 水文仪器 hydrologic instrument 直读仪器 direct－reading instrument 自记仪器 automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit 传感器 sensor 固态存贮器 solid storage 计数器 counter 记录器 recorder 显示器 display unit 平均无故障工作时间 mean time between failures 相应水位 equivalent stage 水文测站 hydrometric station 基本站 basic station 辅助站 auxiliary station 专用站 special station 水文试验站 hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station 巡测站 tour gauging station 水文站 gauging station 雨量站网 rain gauging network 水面蒸发站网 water surface evaporation network 水位站网 stage gauging network 泥沙站网 sediment gauging network 水质站网 water quality network 地下水观测井网 groundwater voservation well network 站网规划 hydrologic network planning 水文分区 hydrologic regionalization 站网布设 network layout 站网分析 network analysis 站网检验 network examination 站网优化 network optimization 站网调整 network adjustment 站网密度 network density 现实密度 real density 可用密度 usable density 容许最稀站网 minimum network 设站年限 station required age 水文信息 hydrologic information 水文效益 hydrologic benefit 基面 datum 临时水准点 temporary benchmark 测验断面 measuring cross－section 基本水尺断面 basic gauge cross－section 流速仪测流断面 current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面 float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面 slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面 secondary gauging cross－section 临时测流断面 temporary measuring cross－section 水文缆道 hydrometric cableway 悬索缆道 suspended cableway 悬杆缆道 suspended rod cableway 机动缆道 motorized cableway 手动缆道 hand－operating cableway 主索 main cable 循环索 loop cable 起重索 suspension cable 水文缆车 hydrometric cable car 吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat 水文测桥 hydrometric bridge 桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge 水文巡测车 tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器 raingauge 承水器 raingauge receiver 量杯 measuring glass 渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge 雨量计 rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder 翻斗式雨量计 tipping－bucket rainfall recorder 长期雨量计 long－term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计 telemetering rainfall recorder 测雨雷达 precipitation－monitoring radar 雪量线 snow gauge 雨雪量计 rain and snow recorder 蒸发量 evaporation 蒸发量观测 evaporation observation 蒸发量折算系数 reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率 screen ratio 蒸发器 evaporation pan 小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器 evaporation pan of type E－601 漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan 蒸发计 evaporimeter 遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter 钩形水尺 hook gauge 最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge 校核水尺 check gauge 基本水尺断面 basic gauge 辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge 比降水尺断面 slope gauge 临时水尺 temporary gauge 水位计 stage gauge 自记水位计 stage recorder 浮子式水位计 float－type stage recorder 压力式水位计 pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder 遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder 接触试水位计 contact－type stage recorder 远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台 stage recorder installation 静水井 stilling well 水深 depth 测得水深 measured depth 有效水深 effective depth 相对水深 relative depth 断面平均水深 mean depth at a cross－section 干绳改正 air line correction 湿绳改正 wet line correction 测点流速 velocity measurement 测速垂线 surface velocity 水面流速 velocity at a point 测点流速 maximum point velocity 最大测点流速 velocity－measuring vertical 垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 断面平均流速 cross－section velocity distribution 浮标流速 point velocity coefficient 中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient 流速分布 velocity distribution 流速梯度 velocity gradient 垂线流速分布 vertical velocity distribution 断面流速分布 cross－section velocity distribution 水面流速分布 surface velocity coefficient 顺流 downstream flow 逆流 upstream flow 流速脉动 velocity pulsation 中泓流速 midstream 流向测量 flow－direction measurement 体积法 cubature 流速仪 current－meter 转子式流速仪 rotating－element current－meter 旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 旋桨式流速仪 propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪 electric wave current－meter 超声波剖面流速仪 ultrasonic profile current－meter 多普勒流速仪 Doppler current－meter 参证流速仪 reference current－meter 流量计 flow meter 文杜里水流计 Venturi flow meter 毕托管 Pitot tube 流速仪检定 current－meter calibration 检定槽 calibration tank 检定车 calibration carriage 浮标 float 水面浮标 surface float 小浮标 small float 双浮标 double float 浮杆 float－rod 堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest 堰顶水头 weir head 水工建筑物测流 flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度 gate opening 行近河槽 approach channel 行近流速 approach velocity 堰流 weir flow 流态 flow regime 自由流 free flow 淹没流 submerged flow 半淹没流 half－submerged flow 孔流 sluice flow 射流 jet flow 淹没比 submergence ratio 淹没系数 submergence coefficient 流速系数 velocity coefficient 流量系数 discharge coefficient 稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge measurement 示踪剂 tracer 标准溶液 standard solution 背景浓度 background concentration solution 稀释比 dilution ratio 推移质输沙率测验 bed load discharge measurement 器策法 sampling method 坑测法 pit method 沙波法 dune tracking method 床沙测验 bed material measurement 照相法 photographic method 打印法 stamp pad method 床沙采样器 bed material sampler 悬移质采样器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器 instantaneous sampler 积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler 皮囊式采样器 collapsible sample 泵式采样器 pumping sampler 调压式采样器 pressure adjustable sampler 同位素测沙仪 radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪 photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪 vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器 bed load sampler 网式采样器 basket－type sampler 吸管 pipet 光电颗分仪 photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计） hydrometer 泥沙沉降 sediment settling 沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity 絮凝 flocculation 反凝剂 defloeculant 粒径 particle diameter 中数粒径 median particle diameter 平均粒径 mean particle diameter 等容粒径 nominal diameter 投影粒径 projected diameter 三轴平均粒径 triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径 geometric mean particle diameter 筛析粒径 sieve diameter 沉降粒径 settling diameter 粒径组 fraction of particle size 颗粒级配 grain－size distribution 颗粒级配曲线 grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配 index sample grain－size distribution 垂线平均颗粒级配 mean grain－size distribution in a vertical 对照断面 check cross－section 控制断面 control cross－section 消减断面 attenuation cross－section 水样保存 water－sample preservation 检出率 detected ratio 超标率 over－limit ratio 痕迹量 trace 未检出 nonreadout 回收率 recovery ratio 溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测 ice－regime observation 固定点冰厚测址 fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测 visual observation of ice regime 冰情符号 ice code 冰情图 ice－regime charta 初冰日期 first－ice date 封冰日期 freeze－up date 解冻日期 break－up date 终冰日期 end ice date 封冻历时 freeze－up duration 水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice 敲露水面宽 open－water width 冰流量 ice discharge 等深点流速改正法 revised isobath－velocity method 流速过程线改正法 revised velocity－hydrograph method 有效潮差 significant tidal range 负波高 negative wave height 水库水文测验 hygrometry of reservoir 入库水量 reservoir inflow 出库水量 reservoir outflow 水库供水 reservoir water supply 水库弃水 surplus water released frome reservoir 水库渗漏量 reservoir seepage volume 水库蓄水量 reservoir storage 水库蓄水变量 variation of reservoir storage 水库蓄水变率 rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位 stage behind dam 库区水位 stage in reservoir region 水库淤积测量 reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量 reservoir sedimentation volume 地形法 method of topographic survey 断面法 method of cross－section survey 淤积形态 morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta 淤积物密度 dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查 hydrologic investigation in karst areas 实际地表集水面积 actual surface colleting area 交换水量 exchange water 沙量调查 silt－quantity investigation 水质调查 water quality investigation 调查区 investigation zone 水文实验研究 experimental research in hydrology 代表流域 representative basin 实验流域 experimental basin 相似流域 similar basin 径流实验研究 experimental research in runoff 径流场 runoff plot 人工降雨装置 artificial rainfall device 蒸发实验研究 experimental research in evaporation 蒸发池 evaporation tank 土壤蒸发器 soil evaporator 蒸散器 evapotranspirometer 农田蒸发器 evaporator for agricultural land 蒸渗仪 lysimeter 地下水均衡场 groundwater balance plot 合理性检查 rational examination 电算整编 processing by computer 水文年鉴 water year－book 测站考证 station examination 站年 station year 平均值 mean value 极值 extreme value 加权平均法 weighted mean method 断流水位 stage of zero flow 河干 river of zero flow 水文过程线 hydrograph 水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph 等值线 isopleth 分布曲线 distribution curve 水文特征值 hydrologic characteristic value 径流总量 total runoff 径流模数 runoff modulus 径流系数 runoff coefficient 洪峰 flood peak 洪水流量 peak discharge 洪水总量 flood volume 输沙量 sediment runoff 输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff 水位流量关系 stage－discharge relation 连时序法 chronological method 绳套曲线 loop curve 流量过程线法 discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法 constant tidal factor relation method 合轴相关法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法 method of discharge computation for a single tide 水位流量关系 single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation 关系曲线延长 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table 单断沙关系 index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 单断沙关系曲线法 index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method 水位单断沙比关系曲线法 stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method 单断沙比过程线法 hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio 单样过程线法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration 自由度 degree of freedom 真值 true value 测量值（实测值） measured value 最或然值 most probable value 误差 error 绝对误差 absolute error 相对误差 relative error 插机误差（偶然误差） random error 系统误差 systematic error 允许误差 permissible error 平均误差 mean error 最大误差（极限误差） maximum error 伪误差（粗差） spurious 方差 variance 标准差 standard deviation 相对标准差 relative standard deviation 离差（偏差） deviation 闭合差 closure error 平差 adjustment 精确度（总精度） accuracy 精密度 precision 准确度 correctness 垂线抽样误差（M型误差） measuring vertical sampling error 数据库 data base 分布式数据库 distributed type data base 集中式数据库 concentrated type data base 网络式数据库 network type data base 层次数据库 laminarization data base 关系数据库 relation data base 数据模型 data model 关系数据模型 relation data model 层次数据模型 laminarization data model 网状数据模型 network data model 数据量 data bulk 结点 node 数据处理 data processing 数据存贮 data storage 数据检索 data retrieval 数据输入 data input 数据输出 data output 数据库文件 data base file 水文数据库 hydrologic data base 水文基本数据库 hydrologic basic data base 湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报 hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报 tidal prediction 泥沙预报 sediment forecasting 旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting 地下水动态预报 groundwater regime forecasting 预见期 forecast lead time 短期水文预报 short－term hydrologic forecasting 中长期水文预报 medium and long－term hydrologic forecasting 超长期水文预报 extended long－term hydrologic forecasting 预报误差 forecast error 作业预报 operational forecasting 预报方案 forecast scheme 评定标准 accuracy standard 方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme 确定性系数 deterministic coefficient 汛 seasonal flood 春汛 spring flood 伏汛 summer flood 秋汛 autumn flood 汛期 flood season 防汛 flood defence 报汛站 flood－reporting station 报汛站网 flook－reporting network 常年水情站 perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站 hydrologic reporting station inflood season 辅助水清站网 auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报 flood warning 点雨量 point rainfall 面雨量 areal rainfall 泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon 等雨量线法 isohyetal method 产流 runoff yield 蓄满产流 runoff yield at natural storage 超渗产流 runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积 area of runoff yield 地表径流（直接径流） direct runoff 地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow 前期影响雨量 antecedent rainfall 土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit 下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线） infiltration capability curve 初损 initial losses 后损（后渗） continuing losses 坡面汇流 overland flow concentration 河网汇流（河槽汇流） river network flow concentration 地下汇流 groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 flow concentration curve 流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线 overland flow concentration curve 河网汇流曲线 river network flow concentration curve 地下汇流曲线 groundwater flow concentration curve 流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时 peak time lag 流域滞时 basin time lag 等流滞时 isochrone 单位线 unit hydrograph 经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph 综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph 瞬时单位线 instantaneous unit hydrograph 地貌瞬时单位线 geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph 河网单位线 river network unit hydrograph S－曲线  S－curve 无因次单位线 dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线 recession curve 水文模型 hydrologic model 水文物理模型（水文实体模型） hydrophysical model 比尺模型 scale model 比拟模型 analogue model 水文数学模型 hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型 physically－based hydrologic mathematic model 水文数学物理模型 deterministic hydrologic model 确定性水文模型 stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型 distributed model 集总式模型 lumped model 线性水温模型 linear hydrologic model 非线性水文模型 nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型 time－invariant hydrologic model 时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型 hydrologic mathematic model of watershed 模型结构 model structure 模型参数 model parameter 模型误差 model error 模型率定 model calibration 模型检验 model verification 水文模拟 hydrologic simulation 遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter 中继机 relay meter 前置通信控制机 preset communication controller 自报式系统 self－reporting system 查询－应答式系统 polling－answerback system 混合式系统 mix system 时分制遥测系统 time－division telemetry system 频分制遥测系统 frequency－division telemetry system 误码率 probability of word error 接受率 receiving probability 数据收集平台 data collection platform 水文计算（水文分析计算） hydrologic computation 设计站 design station 设计流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station 参证站 bench－mark station 典型年（代表年） typicyear 水文系列 hydrologic series 同步系列 synchronous series 系列代表性 series representativeness 柱状图 histogram 诺谟图 monogram 输沙量计算（固体径流计算） computation of sediment runoff 水库回水计算 computation of reservoir backwater 水库淤积计算 computation of reservoir sedimentation 水库下游河道冲刷计算 computation of degradation below reservoir 溃坝洪水计算 evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach 水文统计 hydrologic statistics 总体 population 样本 sample 样本容量 sample size 随机变量 random variable 随机系列 random series 累计频率（频率） cumulative frequency 经验频率 empirical frequency 水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线） hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution 对数正态分布 log normal distribution 频率分析 frequency analysis 随机模拟 stochastic simulation 时间序列 time series 随机水文分析 hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项 trend term 周期项 cycle term 随机项 stochastic term 调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysis 潜分析 spectrum analysis 噪声 noise 回归分析（相关分析） regression analysis 相关系数 correlation coefficient 自回归分析 autoregression analysis 逐步回归分析 stepwise regression analysis 设计供水 design flood 溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood 分期设计洪水 stage design flood 施工设计洪水 design flood for construction period 校核洪水 check flood 实测洪水 observed flood 调查洪水 investigated flood 古洪水 paleoflood 坝址洪水 dam－site flood 入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood 分项调查法 item－by－item investigation method 降雨径流模型法 rainfall－runoff model method 蒸发差值法 evaporation difference method 径流年内分配 annual distribution of runoff 径流多年变化 multiyear variation of runoff 丰水期 high－water period 平水期 normal－water period 枯水期（枯季） low－flow period 丰水年 wet year 平水年（中水年） normal year 枯水年 dry year 特枯水年 extraordinary dry year 连续丰水年 continuous wet years 连续枯水年 continuous dry years 水文年鉴 water year 设计暴雨 design storm 设计雨型 design storm pattern 暴雨路径 storm track 暴雨时程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地区分布 special distribution of storm 暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数 point－area conversion coefficient 点面关系 point－area relationship 定点定面关系 fixed point－fixed area relationship 可能最大露点 probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正 storm transposition correction 流域形状改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction 入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 综合改正 synthetic correction 暴雨幅合分量 convergence component of storm 地形增强因子 topographic increasing factor 等百分数法 isopercental method 可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood 涝 surface water logging 渍 subsurface waterlogging 排涝 surface waterlogging control 排渍 subsurface waterlogging control 排涝规划 waterlogging control planning 排涝标准 standard for waterlogging control 排涝计算 computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量 design discharge for surface drainage 设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control 设计排涝水位 design water level for surface drainage 水资源危机 water resources crisis 水荒 water famine 水能资源（水力资源） waterpower resources 河流水能资源 waterpower resources of river 潮汐水能资源 tidal power resources 可开发的水能资源 developable waterpower resources 水资源评价 water resources assessment 水资源基础评价 water resources basic assessment 水量评价 water quantity assessment 水质评价 water quality assessment 地表水资源评价 surface water resources assessment 地下水资源评价 groundwater resources assessment 水资源评价指标 indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量 total amount of water resources 地表水资源量 surface water resources amount 地下水资源量 groundwater resources amount 可利用量 utilizable water 地下水可开采量 groundwater available yield 可供水量 available water supply 径流调节 runoff regulation 综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节） reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization 水库调洪 reservoir flood routing 水库供水调节 reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节 runoff regulation of hydropower regulation 水库反调节 reregulating reservoir 水库群调节 multi－reservoir regulation 径流调节计算 computation of runoff regulation 时历法（长系列操作法） chronological series method 概率法（数理统计法） probability method 随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method 调节周期 regulating period 目标函数 objective function 约束方程 constraint equation 状态变量 state variable 决策变量 decision variable 数学规划 mathematic programming 线性规划 linear programming 非线性规划 nonlinear programming 水库防洪调度 flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库实时调度 real－time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度 multi－reservoir scheduling 水库预报调度 reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage 水沙调度 scheduling of water and sediment 水环境 water environment 水环境要素（水环境基质） water environment elements 水环境背景值（水环境本底值） water environmental background value 水生态系统 aquatic ecosystem 化学径流 chemical runoff 环境用水 environmental water 环境水文学 environmental hydrology 环境水力学 environmental hydraulics 环境水化学 environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft 人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone 化学水污染 chemical water pollution 无机物水污染 water pollution by inorganic substances 有机物水污染 water pollution by organic substances 有毒物质水污染 water pollution by toxic substances 放射性水污染 radioactive water pollution 热污染 thermal pollution 生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富营养化 eutrophication 赤潮 red tide 次生水污染 secondary water pollution 地下水污染 groundwater pollution 水污染常规分析指标 index of routine analysis for water pollution 水污染遥感监测 remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物 pollutant 污染物迁移 transport of pollutant 机械迁移 physical transport 物理－化学迁移 physicochemical transport 人为污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source 污染源调查 investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制 pollution source control 水质参数 water quality parameters 水质模型 water quality model 水温模型 water temperature model 水质生物评价 biologic assessment of water quality 水环境效益 water environmental effect 水污染环境效应 environmental effect of water pollution 水环境影响评价 water environmental impact assessment 水环境保护 water environmental protection 水质规划 water quality planning 河流水质规划 river water quality planning 水库水质规划 reservoir water quality planning 水污染综合防治规划 planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保护区 protection zone of water source 水质管理 water quality management 水污染源管理 water pollution source management 蒸发 evaporation 径流 runoff 水位 stage 流速 velocity 流量 discharge 含沙量 sediment concentration 输沙率 sediment discharge 水温模型 water temperature 冰凌 ice run 水质 water quality 下垫面 underlying surface 水文情势 hydrologic regime 水文效应 hydrologic effect 水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle 水量平衡 water balance 热量平衡 heat balance 盐量平衡 salt balance 大气水汽含量 atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送 atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux 雨 rain 降雨面积 rainfall area 降雨分布 rainfall distribution 暴雨洪水 storm flood 冰凌洪水（凌讯） ice flood 冰雪洪水 ice－snow melt flood 雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood 山洪 flash flood 溃坝洪水 dam－break flood 大气环流 atmospheric circulation 天气形势（环流形势） weather situation 天气过程 weather process 天气系统 weather system 行星尺度天气系统 planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统 synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天气系统 meso and micro－scale weather 风暴潮 storm surge 风暴中心 storm center 西风槽 westerly trough 东风波 easterly wave 低压槽 trough 高压脊 ridge 副热带高压 subtropic high 温带 extratropic zone 寒带 frigid zone 季风 monsoon 梅雨（霉雨） plum rains 暴雨 storm 阵雨 showery rain 地形雨 aerographic rain 台风雨 typhoon rain 热带气旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 雷暴 thunderstorm 温室效应 greenhouse effect 卫星云图 satellite cloud picture 气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure 海平面气压 sea－level pressure 气温 air temperature 地温 ground temperature 湿球温度 wet－bulb temperature 湿度 humidity 水汽压 vapour pressure 饱和水汽压 saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度 absolute humidity 相对湿度 relative humidity 饱和差 saturation deficit 流域长度 basin length 流域平均高程 basin elevation mean 流域平均宽度 basin width mean 流域平均坡度 basin slope mean 流域不对称系数 coefficient of basin nonsymmetric 流域面积增长率 growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征 physiographic characteristics of basin 水系（河系） hydrographic net 人工河网 artificial drainage network 河网密度 drainage density 明渠 open channel 河流水质规划 river 河源 headwaters 冲沟 gully 溪流 brook 支流 tributary 干流 main stream 分支 fork 串沟 bifurcation channel 运河 canal 外流河 exoreic river 内陆河 endothecia river 减河 relief channel 中游 midstream 下游 downstream 控制河段 control reach 顺流河段 straight reach 弯曲河段 bent reach 扩散河段 expanding reach 收缩河段 converging reach 游荡河段 wandering reach 感潮河段 tidal reach 裁弯河段 channel cutoff 河槽（河床） channel 稳定河槽 stable channel 不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channel 主槽 main channel 单式河槽 single channel 复式河槽 compound channel 河道横断面 river cross－section 河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 断面特性 cross－section characteristics 河床形态 channel morphology 浅滩 thoal 急潭 cataract 河漫滩 flood plain 三角洲 delta 江心湖 channel island 有效水头 effective head 水头损失 head loss 沿程水头损失 frictional head loss 局部水头损失 local head loss 比降 slope 能面比降 energy slope 水面比降 surface slope 摩阻比降 friction slope 附加比降（加速比降） add slope 河道比降（河床比降） channel slope 水面横比降 transverse slope of water surface 倒比降 inverse slope 总水头线 total head line 水面线 water surface profile 糙率 roughness 谢才系数 Chezy coefficient 谢才公式 Chezy formula 曼宁公式 Manning formula 输水因数（输水率） conveyance factor 水跃 hydraulic jump 水舌 nappe 回水曲线（壅水曲线） hackwater curve 弗汝德数 Froude number 悬移质 suspended load 推移质 bed load 床沙 bed material 床沙质 bed material load 冲泻质 wash load 河流泥沙运动 sediment transport in river 泥沙起动 incipient motion of sediment 起动流速 competent velocity 造床流址 dominant discharge 泥沙密度 density of sediment 高含沙水流 flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow 水流挟沙能力 sediment transport capacity of flow 河床演变 fluvial process 冲刷 scar 淤积 sedimentation 沙量平衡 sediment balance 泥沙输移 sediment transport 泥沙输移比 sediment delivery ratio 浆河现象 clogging of river sediment flow 揭河底现象 tearing of river bed 天然水质 natural water quality 水化学 hydrochemistry 软水 soft water 冰清 ice regime 结冰河流 ice－frozen stream 封冻河流 freeze－up stream 稳定封冻河流 stable freeze－up stream 非稳定封冻河流 unstable freeze－up stream 结冰期 ice－frozen period 初生冰 initial ice 冰针 ice specula 冰凇 rime ice 圆扁冰 pan－cake ice 冰花 frazil slush 岸冰 border ice 初生岸冰 initial border ice 固定岸冰 fixed border ice 冲击岸冰 agglomerated border ice 再生岸冰 regenerative border ice 残余岸冰 residual border ice 雪冰 slush ice 水内冰 underwater ice 冰屑 shuga 冰底边 ice base boundary 冰礁 ice reef 冰桥 ice bridge 流冰花 slush ice run 冰上流水 water flow over ice 层冰层水 ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰 thawing 冰层塌陷 ice sheet depression 冰层浮起 floating ice cover 冰滑动 dislodging of ice cover 解冻（开河） break－up 文开河 tranquil break－up 武开河 violent break－up 流沙 ice run 流沙堆积 drifting ice pack 冰坝 ice dam 残冰堆积 residual ice accumulation 潮汐 tide 潮位（潮水位） tidal level 涨潮 flood tide 落潮 ebb tide 高潮 high tide 低潮 low tide 平潮 dead tide 涨潮潮差 flood tidal range 落潮潮差 ebb tidal range 高潮间歇 high lunitidal interval 低潮间歇 low lunitidal interval 日潮不等 diurnal inequality 落潮流历时 duration of ebb current 涌潮 bore 河口 estuary 河口水文 estuarine hydrology 河口水流 estuarine flow 河口潮汐 estuarine tide 河口演变 fluvial precesses of estuary 拦门沙 estuarine bar 河口三角洲 estuarine delta 滩涂（海涂） tidal flat 地下水水文学 groundwater hydrology 水文地质学 hydrogeology 地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics 地下水系统 groundwater system 地下水流域 drainage basin of groundwater 地下水分水岭 groundwater divide 地下水动态 groundwater regime 地下水均衡 groundwater balance 地下水运动（渗流） groundwater movement 地下水模型 groundwater model 地下水储量 groundwater storage 地下水水库 groundwater reservoir 越流系数 leakage coefficient 延迟指数 delay index 影响半径 influence radios 补给带宽度 range of recharge zone 水位削减值 drawdown value interference 分子扩散系数 coefficient of molecular diffusion 机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数） coefficient of mechanical dispersion 水动力弥散系数 coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion 包气带 aeration zone 饱和层 saturated zone 土壤水 soil water 结合水 bound water 吸着水 absorbed water 薄膜水 pellicular water 上层滞水 perched water 渗入水 infiltration water 凝结水 condensation water 毛管水 capillary water 毛管上升高度 height of capillary rise 毛管压力水头 capillary pressure head 土壤含水量 soil moisture content 饱和含水量（全持水量） saturated moisture content 饱和度 saturation coefficient 土水势 soil water potential 重力水 gravity water 给水度 specific yield 承压水 confined water 隔水顶板 upper confining bed 隔水底板 lower confining bed 承压含水层厚度 thickness of confined aquifer 承压水头 confined water head 自流水井 artesian well 含水层天窗 skylight of upper confining bed 孔隙水 pore water 孔隙含水层 porous aquifer 孔隙－裂隙含水层 pore－fissure aquifer 有效孔隙度 effective porosity 裂隙水 fissure water 裂隙含水层 fissured aquifer 裂隙度 fissure ratio 岩溶（喀斯特） karst 岩溶水 karst water 溶洞 karst cave 岩溶含水层 karst aquifer 泉 spring 温泉 thermal spring 矿泉 mineral spring 湖泊 lake 外流湖 exoreic lake 湖泊面积 lake area 湖泊容量 storage of lake 湖泊长度 length of lake 湖泊宽度 width of lake 湖泊最大深度 maximum depth of lake 湖泊平均深度 mean depth of lake shoreline 湖泊岸线长度 length of lake shoreline 湖泊岸线发育系数 development coefficient lake shoreline 水库 reservoir 水库特征水位 characteristic water levels of reservoir 库容 reservoir storage 静库容 still storage 动库容（楔形库容） dynamic storage 库容曲线 stage－capacity curve 水库特征库容 characteristic storages of reservoir 水库渗漏 reservoir seepage volume 水库淤积 reservoir sedimentation 水库诱发地震 reservoir induced earthquake 水库拦沙效率 sediment trap efficiency of reservoir 沼泽 mire 潜育沼泽 non－peat mire 泥炭沼泽 peat mire 低位沼泽（富营养沼泽） low level mire 雪线 snow line 消融区 ablation area 堆积区 accumulation area 冰川变化 glacier variations 冰川运动 glacier flow 雪崩 avalanche 冰雪融水径流 ice－snow melt runoff 水文测验 hygrometry 水温勘测 hydrologic reconnaissance 水文遥感技术 remote－sensing technology in hydrology 水文空间技术 space technology in hydrology 水文核技术 nuclear technology in hydrology 全球定位系统 global positioning system 遥测 telemetry 驻测 stationary gauging 巡测 tour gauging 间测 intermittent gauging 检测  test gauging 校测 corrective gauging 大河控制站 main－stream control station 区域代表站 regional representative station 小河站 small－stream station 河道站 river station 水库站 reservoir station 渠道站 canal station 湖泊站 lake station 堰闸站 weir and sluice station 潮水位站(验潮站） stage gauging station 水库水位站 tidal level station 湖泊水位站 reservoir stage gauging station 雨量站（降水量站） rain gauging station 配套雨量站 complete set rain gauging station 雨量观测场 rain observation yard 水面蒸发站 water surface evaporation station 路上水面蒸发场 water surface evaporation yard 漂浮水面蒸发场 floating water surface evaporation 水质站（水质监测站） water quality station 泥沙站 sediment station 地下水观测井 observation well of groundwater 水文站网 hydrologic network 基本站网 basic hydrologic network 流量站网 streamflow gauging network 绝对基面（标准基面） absolute datum 假定基面 arbitrary datum 测站基面 station datum 冻结基面 stationary datum 测站控制 station control 河槽控制 channel control 断面控制 section control 人工控制 artificial control 河底控制 river bottom control 槛式控制 sill control 测验河段 measuring reach 水流平面图 flow plane map 水道地形图 channel topographic map 断面标志 cross－section sign 断面桩 cross－section stake 标志杆 sign rod 辐射杆 radiation rod 基线 base line 基线桩 base line stake 水准点 benchmark 基本水准点 basic benchmark 校核水准点 check benchmark 水准测量 leveling 跨河水准测量 river－crossing leveling 水尺零点测量 survey of gauge zero 控制测量 control survey 高程控制测量 vertical control survey 平面控制测量 horizontal control survey 导线测量 traverse survey 三角测量 triangulation 距离测量 distance survey 河道观测 river survey 地形测量 topographic survey 碎部测量 detail survey 水下地形测量 underwater topographic survey 降水量 precipitation 雨量 rainfall 积雪深度 snow depth 积雪密度 snow density 雪水当量 water equivalent of snow 降水历时 precipitation duration 降雨强度 rainfall intensity 降水日数 number of precipitation days 降水量观测 precipitation observation 水位观测 stage observation 水尺零点 gauge zero 最高水位 maximum stage 最低水位 minimum stage 平均水位 mean stage 水位变幅 fluctuation range of stage 比降观测 slope observation 涨落率 rate of rise and fall 水面起伏度 undulating range of surface 水温观测 water temperature observation 水温表 water thermometer 波浪观测 wave observation 波高 wave height 波长 wave length 波峰 wave crest 波谷  wave trough 波陡 wave steep 测波仪 wave meter 水尺 gauge 直立水尺 vertical gauge 倾斜水尺 inclined gauge 悬锤水尺 wire weight gauge 矮桩水尺 stake gauge 测针水尺 point gauge 测深 sounding 测深垂线 sounding vertical 测深杆 sounding rod 测深锤 sounding weight 超声波测深仪（回声测深仪） ultrasonic sounder 压力测深仪 pressure sounder 铅鱼 elliptic－type weight 起点距 distance from initial point 断面索 tag line 水面宽 water surface width 河底高程 river bed elevation 横断面 cross－section 大断面 porrible maximum cross－section 过水断面 wetted cross－section 水道断面 channel cross－section 断面面积 cross－section area 部分面积 segment area 纵断面 longitudinal profile 深温纵断面 thalweg profile 平均河底高程纵剖面 mean channel bed elevation profile 拉偏索 pull slanting cable 悬索偏角改正 sounding line correction 断面平均流向 mean flow direction at a cross－section 流向改正 correction for flow direction 流向仪 flow－direction meter 流量测量 discharge measurement 流速面积法 velocity area method 流速仪法 current－meter method 积宽法 width－integrating method 积深法 depth－integrating method 选点法 point－integrating method 动船法 moving boat method 单宽流量 unit discharge 部分浏览 segment discharge 比降面积法 slope area method 浮标法 float method 浮标系数 float coefficient 水面浮标系数 surface float coefficient 中泓浮标系数  midstream float coefficient 虚流量 virtual discharge 超声波测流法 ultrasonic gauging method 电磁测流法 electromagnetic gauging method 中泓浮标 midstream float 浮标投放器 float thrower 涉水测流 wading stream gauging 测杆 wading rod 建筑物测流 structure stream－gauging 测流堰 weir 薄壁堰 thin－plate weir 三角形堰 triangular notch weir 矩形堰 rectangular notch weir 梯形堰 trapezoidal notch weir 实用堰 short－crested weir 宽顶堰 broad－crested weir 三角形剖面堰 triangular－profile weir 平坦V形堰 flat－V weir 复合堰 compound weir 全宽堰 full－width weir 收缩堰 contracted weir 测流槽 flume 文杜里水槽 Venturi flume 临界水深水槽 critical－depth flume 巴歇尔槽 Parshall flume 堰体 weir body 堰高 height of weir 混匀长度 mixing length 等速注入法 constant－rate injection method 积分法（一次注入法） integrating method 多点注入法 multiple injection method 注入断面 injection cross－section 取样断面 sampling cross－section 泥沙测验 sediment measurement 断面平均含沙量 mean sediment concentration at a cross－section 测点含沙量 sediment concentration at a point 垂线平均含沙量 mean sediment concentration at a vertical 单样含沙量 index sediment concentration 相应单样含沙量 equivalent index sediment concentration 悬移质输沙率 suspended sediment discharge 悬移质输沙率测验 suspended sediment discharge measurement 全断面混合法 cross－section mixing method 推移质输沙率 bed load discharge 单样推移质输沙率 index bed load discharge 单宽推移质输沙率 bed load discharge per unit 压差式采样器 pressure－difference sampler 进口流速系数 intake velocity coefficient 采样效率 sampling efficiency 水样处理 sample processing 烘干法 oven－dry method 过滤法 filtration method 置换法 displacement method 泥沙颗粒分析 particle size analysis 尺量法 direct measurement method 称重法 gravimetric method 筛分析法 sieve analysis method 粒径计法 settling tube method 吸管法 pipet method 消光法 photosedimentation method 比重计法（密度计法） hydrometer method 离心沉降法 centrifugal settling method 颗分仪器 grain－size analysis meter 分析筛 sieve 沉降管 sedimentation tube 粒径计 settling tube meter 断面平均颗粒级配 mean grain－size distribution in a cross－section 累积沙重百分数 accumulated sediment weight percent 分沙器 silt dividet 地下水动态观测 groundwater regime observation 地下水动态要素 elements of groundwater regime 地下水天然动态 natural groundwater regime 地下水开采动态 groundwater regime under exploration 地下水动态曲线 hydrograph of groundwater element 地下水位下降速率 decline rate of groundwater level 观测井固定点 reference mark on observation well 地下水位计 groundwater stage gauge 水质监测 water quality monitoring 流动监测 mobile monitoring 自动监测 automatic monitoring 生物监测 biologic monitoring 便携式水质监测仪 portable water quality monitor 水质自动检测系统 automatic water quality analysising system 卫星水质遥测系统 remote－measuring system of water quality by satellite 采样断面 sampling cross－section 流冰疏密度 ice run concentration 冰花厚 thickness of frazil slush 冰花密度 density of frazil slush 冰花折算系数 adjustment factor of frazil slush 冰花尺 ruler of frazil slush 冰花采样器 sampler of frazil slush 冰网 ice basket 冰钻 ice drill 量冰尺 ice ruler 冰厚仪 ice thickness meter 潮水河 tidal river 潮流界 tidal current limit 潮区届 tidal limit 潮水位观测（验潮） tidal level observation 潮汐曲线 marigram 潮汐表 tidal table 验潮仪 tidal gauge 潮水河测验 hydrologic observation of tidal river 代表潮 representative tide 全潮流量测验 discharge measurement of tidal day 潮流量 tidal discharge 涨潮量 flood tidal volume 落潮量 ebb tidal volume 潮流总量 sum of tidal volume 潮流曲线 tidal current curve 潮流表 tidal current table 异重流测验 density－current measurement 塌岸观测 bank caving observation 水文调查 hydrologic investigation 流域调查 basin investigation 水系调查 hydrographic net investigation 水工程调查 water－project investigation 水环境调查 water environmental investigation 水量调查 water－quantity investigation 暴雨调查 storm investigation 洪水调查 flood investigation 洪痕 flood marks 水面曲线法 water surface profile method 历史洪水调查 historical flood investigation 溃坝洪水调查 dam－break flood investigation 固定点洪水调查 fixed point flood investigation 积雪调查 snow－cover investigation 枯水调查 low－flow investigation 泉水调查 spring investigation 抽水实验 pumping test 注水实验 injection test 入渗试验 infiltration test 潜水蒸发试验 phreatic water evaporation test 土壤水观测 soil－water observation 土壤水分测定仪 soil－moisture content analyzer 中子测水仪 neutron moisture gauge 土壤张力计 soil tensiometer 微波土壤湿度计 microwave soil hygrometer 土壤温度计 soil temperature meter 河床演表观测 fluvial processes observation 水文资料（水文数据） hydrologic data 原始资料 raw data 实测资料 observed data 调查资料 investigation data 测站沿革 hydrometric station evolution 测站特性 station properties 测站分布图 station distribution map 水文资料整编 hydrologic data processing 定线 determination of relation curve 水文资料插补 hydrologic data interpolation 水文资料改正 hydrologic data correction 稳定水位流量关系 stable stage－discharge relation 不稳定水位流量关系 unstable stage－discharge relation 单一曲线法 single－curve method 临时曲线法 temporary－curve method 过度曲线 transition curve 校正因数法 adjusting factor method 涨落比例法 fluctuating rate method 特征河长法 characteristic river length method 落差法 fall method 等落差法 equal fall method 定落差法 constant fall method 正常落差法 normal fall method 落差指数法 fall exponent method 改正水位法 correcting stage method 改正系数法 correcting coefficient method 冰低高程流量关系法 elevation of ice bottom and discharge relation method 流量输沙率关系曲线法 discharge and sediment discharge relation curve method 单断推关系曲线法 index and cross－section average load discharge relation curve method 水力因素关系曲线法 bed load discharge and hydraulic factors curve method 单断克关系 index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method 洪水水文要素摘录 selected elements of flood data 抽样检验 sampling inspection 统计检验 statistical test 统计量 statistic 原假设（零假设） null hypothesis 备择假设（对立假设） alternative hypothesis 拒绝域 critical region 可接受域 acceptable region 符号检验 mark test 适线检验 curve fitting test 偏高数值检验 deviation－data test 学生氏检验（t检验） student's test 不确定度 uncertainty 随机不确定度 random uncertainty 系统不确定度 systematic uncertainty 总不确定度 synthetic uncertainty 显著性水平 significance level 置信水平（置信概率） confidence level 误差分布 error distribution 随机误差概率分布 probability distribution of random error 正态分布（高斯分布） normal distribution 学生氏分布（t分布） student's distribution 误差传播 error propagation 误差综合 error synthesis 方和根法 square root of the sum of square method 误差估算 error estimate 误差控制（质量控制） error control 仪器设备误差 instrument and equipment error 环境误差 environmental error 人为误差 human error 方法误差 methodological error 计算误差 calculating error 流速脉动误差（I型误差） velocity pulsation error 测点抽样误差（II型误差） measuring point sampling error 水文专用数据库 special data base in hydrology 测站代码 hydrometric station code 地理信息系统 geographic information system 水文预报 hydrologic forecasting 流域水文预报（降雨径流预报） watershed hydrologic forecasting 流域产流预报 watershed runoff yield forecasting 流域汇流预报 watershed flow concentration forecasting 区域水文预报 area hydrologic forecasting 洪水预报 flood forecasting 暴雨洪水预报 storm flood forecasting 融雪洪水预报 snowmelt flood forecasting 实时联机水文预报（实时水文预报） real－time and online hydrologic forecasting 风暴潮预报 storm surge forecasting 枯季径流预报 low－flow forecasting 冰清预报（冰凌预报） ice－regime forecasting 水库水文预报 hydrologic forecasting of reservoir 防洪 flood control 防洪标准 flood control standard 防洪非工程措施 non－structural measures of flood mitigation 防凌 ice flood control 风险分析 risk analysis 洪水风险分析 flood risk analysis 河道安全泄量 safety discharge of river 警戒水位 warning stage 保证水位 guaranteed stage 分洪水位 flood diversion stage 干旱 drought 水文干旱 hydrologic drought 气象干旱 meteorological drought 农业干旱 agricultural drought 干旱指标 drought index 干燥度（干旱指数） aridity 干旱等级 drought degree 旱情 drought regime 抗旱 drought defence 水文情报 hydrologic information 报汛 flood－reporting information 流域最大蓄水量 basin maximum storage capacity 流域蓄水容量曲线 basin storage capacity curve 净雨（产流量） excess rainfall 圣?维南方程组 de Saint－Venant equations 水流连续方程 continuity equation of flow 水流动量方程 momentum equation of flow 初始条件 initial condition 边界条件 boundary condition 水流能量方程 energy equation of flow 洪水波 flood wave 波速 wave velocity 波速系数 coefficient of wave velocity 洪水波扭曲 distortion of flood wave 洪水波展开 attenuation of flood wave 特征河长 characteristic river length 线性水库 linear reservoir 线性渠道 linear channel 示储流量 discharge for representative channel storage 合成流量 resultant discharge 槽蓄曲线（槽蓄方程） storage－discharge curve 河网总入流 total inflow of river network 汇流 flow concentration 河道相应水位预报法 corresponding river stage forecasting 河道响应流量预报法 corresponding river discharge forecasting method 相应流量 corresponding discharge 合成流量预报法 combined－discharge forecasting method 降雨径流预报法 rainfall－runoff forecasting method 降雨径流相关法 rainfall－runoff correlation method 水文模型法 hydrologic model method 河道洪水演算法 river flood routing method 马斯京根法 Muskingum routing method 移滞演算法 lag－and－route method 水文统计预报法 hydrologic statistic forecasting method 多元分析法 multivariate analysis method 时间序列分析法 time series analysis method 交互式预报系统 interactive forecast system 水文卡尔曼滤波技术 Kalman filtering technique of hydrology 水流相似准则 flow similarity criterion 水文自动测报系统（水文遥测系统） automatic system of hydrologic data collection and transmission 水文自动测报基本系统 automatic basic system of hydrologic data collection and transmission 遥测站 remote telemetry station 中继站 relay station 中心站 centre station 水文自动测报网 automatic network of hydrologic data collection and transmission 数据采集 data collection 数据传输 data transmission 通信 communication 短波通信 short wave communication 超短波通信 ultra－short wave communication 微波通信 microwave communication 流星余迹通信 meteoric trail communication 卫星通信 satellite communication 气象卫星 meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星 polar orbit meteorological satellite 同步气象卫星 synchronous meteorological satellite 系列插补 series interpolation 系列延长 series extension 极值系列 extreme－value series 年超定量系列 annual exceedance series 随机生成系列 stochastic generating series 统计试验法（蒙特卡罗法） statistical test method 流量反演 discharge back routing 面积比改正 areal ratio modification 成因分析 genetic analysis 地区综合 regional synthesis 水文比拟 hydrologic analogy 水图 water atlas 水文图集 hydrologic atlas 水文手册 hydrologic handbook 暴雨洪水查算图表 applied rainstorm runoff charts 站年法 station－year method 洪峰模数 peak discharge modulus 设计过程线 design hydrograph 典型过程线 tyic hydrograph 历时曲线 duration curve 积累曲线 mass curve 差积曲线 residual mass curve 滑动平均曲线 moving average curve 重现期 recurrence interval 统计参数 statistical parameters 中值 median 众值 mode 均值 average value 变差系数（离差系数） variation coefficient 偏态系数（偏差系数) skewness coefficient 期望值 expected value 机率格纸（频率格纸） probability paper 统计参数估计 estimate of statistical parameters 适线法 curve fitting method 统计矩 moment 矩法 moment method 概率权重矩法 probability weight－moment method 极大值然法 maximum likelihood method 权函数法 weight function method 有效性 efficiency 无偏性 unbiasedness 抽样误差 sampling 外包线 enveloping curve 概率权重矩法 probability 条件概率 conditional probability 随机过程 stochastic process 平稳随机过程 stationary stochastic process 非平稳随机过程 non－stationary stochastic process 非常洪水 catastrophic flood 峰量关系 peak volume relation 洪水顺位 rank order of flood 洪水系列 flood series 连序系列 series with successive order 不连序系列 series with non－successive order 设计洪水计算 design flood computation 直接法 direct method 间接法 indirect method 类比法 analogy method 推理公式 rational formula 安全修正值 safe adjustment value 过程线放大 hydrograph enlargement 同频率放大 homogeneous frequency enlargement 同倍比放大 homogeneous multiple enlargement 典型洪水过程性 typic flood hydrograph 设计洪水过程线 design flood hydrograph 典型洪水地区组成 spatial pattern of typic flood 设计洪水地区组成 spatial pattern of design flood 设计年径流 design annual runoff 径流还原计算 restoring computation of runoff 还原水量 restoring water quantity 动点动面关系 movable point－movable area relationship 雨强－历时曲线 rainfall intensity－duration curve 暴雨递减指数 storm reduction index 雨强－面积曲线 rainfall intensity－area curve 时面深关系 depth－area－duration relationship 分期设计暴雨 stage design storm 可降水量 possible precipitation 可能最大降水 probable maximum precipitation 当地暴雨法（暴雨极大化） local storm method 暴雨移置法 storm transposition method 暴雨组合法 storm combination method 暴雨时面深概化法 depth－area－duration synthetic method of storm 典型暴雨 typic storm 降水效率（雨湿比） precipitation efficiency 高效暴雨 high efficiency storm 暴雨放大 storm enlargement 水汽放大 moisture enlargement 水汽效率放大 moisture efficiency enlargement 入流指标 inflow indicatrix 代表性露点 representative dew point 设计排渍水位 design water level of subsurface water－logging control 排涝模数 modulus of water logging control 水资源 water resources 淡水 fresh water 水体的更新周期 renewal period of water bodies 水资源分区 water resources regionalization 水资源分配 water resources allocation 水平年 target year 保证率 reliability 水资源供需分析 demand and supply analysis of water resources 水资源综合利用 comprehensive utilization of water resources 水资源开发利用 water resources development and utilization 水资源可持续开发 sustainable development of water resources 水资源规划 water resources planning 水中长期供求计划 medium and long－term planning of water supply and demand 跨流域调水 interbasin water transfer 水资源保护 water resources protection 水资源利用率 utilization factor of water resources 重复利用率 repeated utilization factor 缺水率 ratio of water deficiency 河道内用水 instream water uses 河道外用水 offstream water uses 城镇生活用水 urban domestic water 工业用水 industrail water 灌溉用水 irrigation water 农村饮用水 rural potable water 循环用水 recycling water 耗损性用水 consumptive water 非耗损性用水 non－consumptive water 用水调查 water－use investigation 用水定额 water－use quota 用水预测 prediction of water use 回归水 return flow 回归系数 coefficient of return flow 水资源系统 water resources system 水资源系统分析 water resources system analysis 水利计算 computation of water conservancy 水能计算 hydroenergy computation 动态规划 dynamic programming 整数规划 integer programming 随机规划 stochastic programming 专家系统 expert system 灰色系统 grey system 地表水系统分析模型 model of surface water system analysis 地下水系统分析模型 model of groundwater system analysis 水资源大系统模型 model of large scale water resources system 水资源系统模拟模型 simulation model of water resources system 水资源系统优化分析 analysis of water resources system optimization 多目标优化技术 multi－objective optimization technology 水资源决策支持系统 water resources decision support system 水资源调度（水利调度） water resources scheduling 供水调度 water supply scheduling 防洪调度 flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库调度 reservoir scheduling 水库兴利调度 reservoir scheduling for beneficial use 地面沉降 land subsidence reservoir bank caving 水库塌岸 reservoir inundation 水库浸没 hazard of reservoir cold water 水库冷害 salinization of lake water 湖水咸化 seawater intrusion 海水入侵 freshwater barrier 淡水阻隔体 saline wedge 盐水楔 inversion of tidal saltwater 荒漠化 desertification 沼泽化 swampiness 盐碱化 salinization 潜蚀 underground erosion 水土流失 soil and water losses 水土保持 soil and water conservation 人工降水 artificial precipitation 人类活动水文效应 hydrologic effect of human activities 水环境质量 water environmental quality 水环境质量评价 water environmental quality assessment 水污染 water pollution 人类活动水污染 water pollution caused by human activities 生物迁移 biologic transport 水生物富集（水生物浓缩） enrichment of aquatic organism 污染物转化 transformation of pollutant 物理转化 physical transformation 化学转化 chemical transformation 生物转化 biologic transformation 污染物降解 degradation of pollutant 生物降解 biologic degradation 光化学降解 opto－chemical degradation 化学降解 chemical degradation 污水 sewage 工业废水 industrial wastewater 农业污水 agricultural sewage 城市污水 municipal sewage 水环境容量（纳污量） water environmental capacity 污染负荷 pollution load 径污比 dilution ratio 岸边污染带 near－shore pollution belt 水体污染源 pollution source of water body 点污染源 point pollution source 非点污染源（面污染源） non－point pollution source 水环境保护标准 standard of water environmental protection 水环境质量标准 standard of water environmental quality 污水排放标准 standard of sewage discharge 污水资源化 reclamation of sewage 污水处理 sewage treatment 水体复氧 reoxygenation by water body 自净 self－purification 水体生物净化 biologic purification of water body 水质预报（预测） water quality prediction